Parva 1, Adhyāya 10

श्लोक 1–2 का हिन्दी अर्थ

वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं—भरतर्षभ ! वैवस्वत मनुके उनके ही समान इश््वाकु, नाभाग, धृष्णु, शर्याति, नरिष्यन्त, प्रांशु, सातवें नाभागारिष्ट, करूष और पृषश्र—ये नौ पुत्र हुए

English

Bhishma said:—"I have heard that the ancestral manes are the gods of the gods. Are they the gods or they are others to whom we offer our adoration (35)? How the _Pindas_ offered at Srāddhas propitiate the Pitris who have gone to the other world? What are the fruits of a Srāddha (36)? To whom the people, accompanied by the gods, Dānavas, Yākshas, Rākshasas, Gandharvas, Kinnaras and huge serpents, dedicate their offerings (37)? O you conversant with virtue, I consider you as omniscient—I have grave doubts in this and great is my curiosity—do you explain it to me." Hearing these words of Bhishma his father said (38).

श्लोक 3–6 का हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजापालक तात! इन नौ पुत्रोंके उत्पन्न होनेसे पहिले प्रजापति मनुने पुत्रकी कामनासे मित्रावरुणकी इष्टि (यज्ञ) की थी। भारत! जब यह इष्टि हो रही थी, उस समय मुनिने मित्रावरुणके लिये आहुति दी। भरतत्रेष्ठ ! आहुतिके सम्पन्न होनेपर देवता, गन्धर्व, मनुष्य और तपोधन मुनि परम प्रसन्न हुए (और कहने लगे-) 'अहो! इसका तपोबल आश्चर्यजनक है और इसका शास्त्रीय ज्ञान भी अद्भुत है!'

हिन्दी अर्थ

उस यजमें दिव्य वस्त्रोंको धारण किये हुए, दिव्य आभूषणोंसे विभूषित और दिव्य शरीरवाली इला नामक कन्या उत्पन्न हुई थी, ऐसी ख्याति है

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा मनुने उस कन्याको 'इला' कहकर पुकारा और कहा—' भद्रे ! तू मेरे पीछे-पीछे आ।' तब पुत्रकी कामनावाले प्रजापतिको इलाने यह धर्ममय उत्तर दिया

हिन्दी अर्थ

इलाने कहा—वक्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ! मैं धर्मकी हत्या हीं कर सकती, अन्यथा धर्म मुझे भी मार डालेगा। मित्रावरुणके अंशसे उत्पन्न हुई हूँ, अत: उनके ही स जाऊँगी

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रेष्ठ नितम्बोंवाली इला राजा मनुसे प प्रकार कहकर मित्रावरुणके पास गयी और दोनों [थ जोड़कर उनसे इस प्रकार कहने लगी—

हिन्दी अर्थ

रेवताओ ! मैं आप दोनोंके अंशसे उत्पन्न हुई हूँ; अतः ापलोग बताइये, मैं आपकी क्या सेवा करूँ ? मनुजीने झसे कहा है कि तू मेरे पीछे-पीछे आ'

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजन्‌ ! मपरायणा साध्वी इलाके इस प्रकार कहनेपर मित्र और वरुणने उससे जो कुछ कहा था, उसे सुनो

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुन्दर कटिभागवाली सुन्दरी! तेरे इस धर्म, विनय, न्द्रियसंयम और सत्यसे हम दोनों तुमपर बहुत प्रसन्न

English

²⁹ For the negligence of not worshipping the true object of

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाभागे! तू हमारी पुत्रीरूपसे प्रसिद्ध होगी और मनुका वंशधर पुत्र भी तू ही होगी

हिन्दी अर्थ

शोभने ! उस समय) तू मनुके वंशको बढ़ानेवाले, जगतमें प्रिय, मशील सुदुप्रके नामसे तीनों लोकोंमें प्रसिद्ध होगी '

English

³¹ _Brahmavadins_ means conversant with the knowledge of Brāhmana. The sentence is elliptical, the full import is: ye are all conversant with the knowledge of Brāhmana but not gifted with Yoga

हिन्दी अर्थ

स बातको सुनकर वह अपने पिता मनुके पास वापस रही थी, इसी बीचमें अवसर देखकर बुधने उसे हवासके लिये आमन्त्रित किया

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजन्‌ ! चन्द्रमाके त्र बुधद्वारा उस इलाके गर्भसे पुरूरवा उत्पन्न हुए फौर उस पुत्रको उत्पन्न करके वह इला सुद्युम्न हो यी

हिन्दी अर्थ

भारत ! सुदयुम्नके उत्कल, गय और विनताश् [मक तीन परम धार्मिक पुत्र उत्पन्न हुए

English

Sanatkumar said:—O foremost of those who perform sacrifices, it is laid down in Scriptures, that there are seven ancestral manes who all live in heaven. Of them four are with forms and three without them (4). O you having asceticism for your wealth, hear, I will describe at length their region, creation, prowess and greatness (5). Of them the most excellent three assumed the form of Dharma (virtue). Hear, I shall describe their names and regions (6). The regions, where the effulgent and formless ancestral manes, the sons of Prajāpati live, are (designated as) eternal (7). O foremost of the twice-born, the region of Virāja is known by the name of Vairāja. The celestials adore them with ceremonies laid down in Scriptures (8). These Brahmavādins, when they deviate from the paths of Yoga come down to _Sanatana_ (eternal) regions and after the expiration of a thousand yugas they take their birth (9). Then obtaining again the recollection of the most excellent Sānkhya Yoga and securing the consummate development of their powers they again attain to that Yoga state which it is so hard to acquire (10). O my child, they are the Pitris who enhance the ascetic powers of the Yogins and they, by their Yoga, propitiated Soma in the days of yore (11). Therefore Srāddhas should be performed particularly for the Yogins. This is the first creation of the high-souled drinkers of Soma (12). Their mind-begotten daughter Mena was the first wife of the mountain chief Himalaya. Her son was called Maināka (13). His son was the effulgent great mountain Krauncha. This best of mountains was white and abounded in various sorts of jewels (14). The mountain-king begat on Mena three daughters, namely, Aparna, Ekaparnā—and the third was Ekapatāla (15). Having carried on hard austerities, which even the Gods and Dānavas cannot practise with difficulty, those three daughters disturbed all the worlds consisting of mobile and immobile creatures (16). Ekaparnā used to live upon one leaf only and Ekapātala used to live upon one Patala flower only (17). And when Aparnā divorced from food began to carry on hard austerities, her mother, stricken with sorrow, consequent upon her motherly affection, prevented her, saying "_U. Ma._" (18). Thus addressed by her mother, that fair goddess, carrying on hard penances, became celebrated in the three worlds by the name of _Uma_ (19). She also became celebrated by the name of _Yogadharmin_.³³ O Bhargava, this world consisting of three maidens shall (for ever) exist (20). All the three were endued with yoga energy and bodies³⁴ perfected by hard austerities. They were all conversant with the knowledge of Brahman and had controlled their carnal desires (21). The beautiful Umā was the eldest and foremost of them. Gifted with great yoga powers she approached the Great Deity Siva (22). Ekaparnā was given away as a wife unto the high-souled, intelligent and the great Yogin and preceptor, the black Devala (23). Know Ekapātala as the wife of Jaigishavya. Those two noble maidens approached those two preceptors of yoga (24). The celestials offer watery oblations for all those regions of _Somayagins_³⁵ that are called Somapadā and where dwell the sons and ancestral manes of the Patriarch Marichi (25). They all pass by the name of Agnisvatta and are gifted with immeasurable energy. They have a mind-born daughter by name Achhodā who travels underneath³⁶ (26). From that (river) has sprung a lake by the name of Achhoda. She had never seen her ancestral manes before (27). That one of beautiful smiles (thou) saw her bodiless ancestral manes. She was begotten of their mind and did not know her. For this misfortune that beautiful damsel was greatly ashamed. Beholding the ancestral mane Vasu, the illustrious son of Ayu by the name of Amāvasu, who was passing through the etherial region in a car along with the Apsarā Adrikā, she thought of him³⁷ (first) (28–30). On account of her this frailty, that she thought of another and not her own father, that one capable of assuming forms of her will lost her Yoga power and fell down (31). When she fell down from the celestial region she behold three cars of the size of _Esarenu_ and espied in them her ancestral manes (32). They looked exceedingly subtle, indistinct and like fire offered into clarified butter. While she was in distress and falling down with her head downwards she exclaimed "Save me" (33). The ancestral manes stationed on the cars said to their girl who was in the etherial region "do not fear." Then with purely words she began to propitiate the ancestral manes (34). The ancestral manes then said to that girl who was divested of all her merits on account of this transgression:—"O thou of pure smiles, for thy own folly, thou hast been divested of all thy merits (35). The celestials attain, in heaven, to the fruits of their actions which they perform with their bodies in this world (36). (Sometimes)³⁸ the celestials, by their (mere) determination attain to the fruits of their actions but mankind reap them only when they repair to the next world. Therefore, O daughter, by practising hard austerities in this world thou shalt reap the fruits thereof in the next (37)."

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजन्‌ ! त्कलकी राजधानी उत्कला (उड़ीसा) हुई। विनताश्वको श्िम दिशाका राज्य मिला और भरतश्रेष्ठ! गयकी जधानी पूर्व दिशामें गया नामकी पुरी हुई

English

Thus accosted by her own Pitris the maiden began propitiating them. Then realising the truth in their own minds, they all, out of compassion, became pleased with her (38). Knowing that all this is inevitable they asked that maiden to act (in that way) and said to her:—"Thou shalt be born as the daughter of the high-souled king Vasu who is born on earth among men. Being born as his daughter thou shalt again attain to thy own regions which it is so hard to gain (39-40). Thou shalt give birth to the illustrious son of Parāshara.³⁹ That great Brāhmana saint shall divide the one Veda into four parts (41). Two sons, the illustrious and pious Vichitravirya and Chitrangada, will be born unto the king Shāntanu, who was (in another birth the king) Mahābhisha. Having given birth to these sons thou shalt again attain to thy own regions. On account of thy transgressions towards thy ancestral manes thou shalt come by these inferior births (42-43). Thou shalt be begotten as his daughter by this king on his wife Adrikā. In the eighteenth Dwāpara cycle thou shalt be born as a fish" (44). Thus spoken to by her ancestral manes that maiden was born in Dasha family as Satyavati. First born as a fish she became the daughter of the king Vasu (45).

हिन्दी अर्थ

तात ! त्रुसूदन! मनुके सूर्यमें प्रवेश कर जानेपर उनके क्षाकु आदि दस पुत्रोंने पृथ्वीको दस भागोंमें बाँट लया

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनुके बड़े पुत्र इक्ष्वाकुको मध्यदेशका ज्य मिला। यज्ञस्तम्भोंसे अलंकृत एवं वन और त्रानोंसहित यह सारी पृथ्वी इक्ष्वाकुकी ही है

English

O you foremost of the pious, at the commencement of Dwāpara Yuga, the great ascetic and Yogin Suka, the foremost of Brāhmanas born in the race of Parashara, will take birth in that Yuga. He will be begotten by Vyasa on _Arani_ like fire divested of smoke (50–51). He will beget on that daughter of the ancestral manes four sons, _viz_, the highly powerful Yoga-teacher Krishna, Goura, Prabhu and Shambhu, and a daughter by name Kritwā, who will be the mother of Brahmadatta and the queen of king Anuha (52–53). Having begotten these vow-observing teachers of Yoga and listened to various forms of religion from his own sire Vyasa, the immeasurably intelligent, pious and ascetic Rishi Suka repaired to the region from where no one returns—the eternal, undecaying region of Brahman shorn of all troubles, where reside the shape-less Pitris in the form of virtue, and where has originated this theme of Vrishnis and Andhakas (54–55). The ancestral manes of the Patriarch Vasishtha, known as Sukātas, live eternally in heaven and the region lighted by the effulgence that grants the consummation of all desires. The Brāhmanas always offer them oblations (57). Their mind born daughter is known as Go in the region of celestials, who will be given (in marriage) to your family and be the other beloved wife of Suka. The Sādhyas have a well-known daughter, ever enhancing their fame, by name Ekashringā. (58). She lives in the regions effulgent like the rays of the Sun. The Kshatriyas, who wish to reap the fruits of their actions, propitiate the sons of Angiras, who had formerly been rendered prosperous by Sāddhyas. Their mind-born daughter is known as Yashodā (59–60). She was the wife of Vishwamahata, daughter-in-law of Vriddhasharmā and the mother of the high-souled royal saint Dilipa (61). O my son, formerly in the cycle of gods, at the great horse-sacrifice of the king Dilipa the great saints chanted various themes with joy (62). Hearing of the birth of Agni (fire-god) from some descendant of Shandili, those men, who will behold the truthful and high-souled performer of sacrifices Dilipa, will conquer the celestial region (63). The ancestral manes of the Patriarch Karddama, Sudhanwās by name, came into being from the noble Brāhmana Pulaha (64). They, gifted with etherial movements, are living in the regions where the dwellers move about of their own will. The Vaishyas who wish to reap the fruits of their actions, offer oblations unto them (65). Their mind-born daughter is celebrated by the name of Viraja. O Brahman, she will be the mother of Yayati and the wife of Nahusha (66). Thus I have described to you the three orders: hear from me of the fourth order. The drinkers of Soma juice, who were begotten on Swadhā the daughter of Kavi, were the offspring of Hiranyagarbha. The Sudras encompass their gratification (67). The etherial region where they dwell is called Mānasa. Their mind-born daughter is Narmadā the foremost of streams (68). Traversing the southern way she is purifying the creatures. She is the wife of Purukutsa and the mother of Trāsadasyu (59). The ancestral manes are to be adored—and when this is neglected at various cycles the Patriarch Manu introduces the performance of Srāddha in their honour (70).

हिन्दी अर्थ

ुदयुम्न कन्याभावके कारण इस सौभाग्यपूर्ण पदको न ा सके। परंतु कुरूद्ध ! वसिष्ठजीके वचनसे महात्मा र्मराज सुद्युम्नको भी प्रतिष्ठापपुर (झूँसी-प्रयाग)-का ज्य मिल गया था

श्लोक 23–27 का हिन्दी अर्थ

व व... का «कक हे पति /। । रियल महायशस्वी सुद्युम्नने राज्य पानेके बाद प्रतिष्ठानमें (कुछ दिनतक) राज्य किया, फिर उन्होंने अपना राज्य पुरूरवाको दे दिया। उत्कलके तीन पुत्र थे, जो तीनों लोकोंमें प्रसिद्ध थे। उनके नाम थे-धृष्टक, अम्बरीष और दण्ड। महात्मा दण्डने दण्डकारण्य नामक वनका निर्माण किया, जो तपस्वियोंके लिये परमोत्तम (आश्रम) तथा लोकमें अत्यन्त विख्यात है। उसमें प्रवेश करते ही मनुष्य समस्त पापोंसे मुक्त हो जाता है। भरतवंशी महाराज! सुद्युम्न कन्यावस्थामें ऐल (पुरूरवा)-को (और पुरुषावस्थामें उत्कल आदि अन्य तीन पुत्रोंको ) उत्पन्न करके स्वर्ग चले गये। ये सुद्युम्न स्त्री तथा पुरुष दोनोंके ही लक्षणोंसे संयुक्त हुए थे। इन्होंने इलाके रूपमें रहनेपर गर्भ धारण किया था, फिर ये ही (पुरुषत्व प्राप्त होनेपर) सुद्युम्न नामसे प्रसिद्ध हो गये थे

हिन्दी अर्थ

भारत! (मनुके पद्म पुत्र) नरिष्यन्तके पुत्र शक हुए और (मनुके द्वितीय पुत्र) नाभागके पुत्र राजराजेश्वर अम्बरीष हुए

English

³⁴ The word in the text is _Tapamaya_ body. It is very difficult to render the expression into English. _Tapas_ means hard religious practises, such as, placing one's self in the midst of burning fire, exposing one's self day and night under the Sun and to cold. By such practises a yogin can acclimatise his body to the influences of climate and restrain his passions. Thus _Tapamaya_ body means a body that is used to both heat and cold and all other climatic influences and that has mastered all the functions,

श्लोक 29–30 का हिन्दी अर्थ

(मनुके तृतीय पुत्र) धृष्णुके धारई्डक नामक क्षत्रिय हुए। वे रणमें ढीठ थे। (मनुके आठवें पुत्र) करूषसे कारूष नामवाले युद्धदुर्मद क्षत्रिय हुए। यह हजारों क्षत्रयोंका मण्डल परम पराक्रमी था। (मनुके सप्तम पुत्र) नाभागारिष्टके क्षत्रिय पुत्र वैश्य हो गये थे*

English

³⁵ Those who invoke the deities by offering them Soma juice—a delicious drink which is much liked by the gods according to Hindu

श्लोक 31–32 का हिन्दी अर्थ

( मनुके छठे पुत्र) प्रांशुके एक पुत्र हुआ, वह शर्याति नामसे प्रसिद्ध था। (मनुके पश्म पुत्र) नरिष्यन्तका पुत्र दण्डधारी राजा दम हुआ। (मनुके चौथे पुत्र) शर्यातिकी दो संतान उत्पन्न हुईं; उनमें एक तो पुत्र था, जो आनर्त नामसे प्रसिद्ध हुआ और एक कन्या थी, जिसका नाम सुकन्या था। वह च्यवन ऋषिकी पत्नी हुई। आनर्तके रेव नामका महाकान्तिमान्‌ पुत्र उत्पन्न हुआ

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसका राज्य आनर्त (जहाँ आज द्वारका है) देशमें था और उसकी पुरी (राजधानी )-का नाम कुशस्थली (आजकाी द्वारकापुरी ) था। रेवके पुत्र रैवत हुए, इन्हींका दूसरा नाम ककुदझी था। ये धार्मिक थे

श्लोक 34–35 का हिन्दी अर्थ

पनेको वैश्य कहता था; अत: ऐसी वैश्यपुत्रीके पुत्र होनेसे ये वैश्य इसका पूर्ण समाधान है। (रेवके) सौ पुत्रोंमें ये सबसे ज्येष्ठ थे। कुशस्थलीका ज्य पानेके अनन्तर एक दिन ये अपनी कन्याके साथ ' ब्रहालोकमें ) गये, वहाँ ब्रह्माजीके समीप गन्धर्वोंका पीत सुनने लगे। राजन्‌ ! संगीत सुनते-सुनते ये दो घड़ी त्रहाँ ठहरे रहे। इतने ही समयमें मानवलोकमें अनेक पुग बीत गये। तत्पश्चात्‌ ये यादवोंसे घिरी हुई अपनी पुरीमें आये। उस समयतक इनकी युवावस्था ज्यों- की-त्यों बनी हुई थी

हिन्दी अर्थ

(उस समय उस पुरीमें ) बहुत-से दरवाजे बन गये थे और वासुदेव आदि भोज, वृष्णि और अन्धकवंशी उस रमणीय पुरीकी क्षा कर रहे थे। यादवोंने उसका नाम बदलकर द्वारवती ख दिया था

English

³⁹ This refers to Veda Vyasa who compiled and arranged the four Vedas. The word Vyasa means "an arranger" Veda Vyasa is the surname of a Rishi, the son of Parashara, who compiled the four Vedas. The Vedas originally existed in the shape of hymns that were sung by the ancient Aryans and passed from one family to another as sacred heir-looms. For some centuries they existed in this form. It was this great Rishi who first committed them to writing and arranged them in the order in which they are now found. The four divisions are his own creation. On account of this great work he received the appellation 'Veda-Vyasa'.

श्लोक 37–38 का हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रुमर्दन ! इन सब बातोंको यथार्थ गीतिसे जानकर राजा रैवत अपनी रेवती नामकी सुत्रता कन्याको बलदेवजीके हाथमें देकर स्वयं मेरुपर्वतके शिखरपर चले गये और वहाँ तपस्यामें लग गये। 'इधर) धर्मात्मा बलरामजी भी रेवतीके साथ सुखपूर्वक वहार करने लगे