Adhyāya 3 — Sādhana (Means of Attainment)

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूसरी देह में जाते समय जीवात्मा सूक्ष्म भूतों से वेष्टित होकर जाता है, जैसा कि प्रश्न और उत्तर से स्पष्ट है।

English

In passing to another body, the soul goes enveloped by (subtle elements), as is clear from the question and the answer.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(Water is named in the question) because the (body-forming) महाभूत (तत्त्व) are threefold in nature, but water preponderates.।

English

(Water is named in the question) because the (body-forming) elements are threefold in nature, but water preponderates.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the going of the प्राण (with जीवात्मा). होने के कारण।

English

And because of the going of the vital breath (with the soul).

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि वाणी आदि के अग्नि आदि में जाने के श्रवण से (जीव भूतों को साथ नहीं ले जाता) — तो नहीं, क्योंकि वह औपचारिक कथन है।

English

If it be said that the going of speech and the rest to fire and so on is stated (so that the soul does not carry the elements) — no, because that is figurative.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहें कि water is not mentioned in the first oblation, तो ऐसा नहीं; क्योंकि "water" there is faith, which is appropriate.।

English

If it be said that water is not mentioned in the first oblation — no, because "water" there is faith, which is appropriate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि (जल के साथ जाना) श्रुति में नहीं सुना गया — तो नहीं, क्योंकि यज्ञ आदि करने वालों के विषय में उसकी प्रतीति होती है।

English

If it be said that (the soul's going with water) is not stated — no, because it is understood of those who perform sacrifices and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा (देवताओं का अन्न होना) औपचारिक कथन है, क्योंकि वे आत्मा को नहीं जानते; श्रुति ऐसा दिखाती है।

English

Or (the statement that they are food for the gods) is figurative, because they do not know the Self; so scripture shows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुण्य क्षीण होने पर जीव अपने अवशिष्ट (संस्कार रूप) कर्मों के साथ पृथ्वी पर लौटता है।

English

When their works are exhausted, souls return with a remainder of karma, as Sruti and Smriti show.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(वे) जिस मार्ग से गए थे उसी से और अन्य प्रकार से भी लौटते हैं।

English

(They return) by the path by which they went, and also otherwise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

If it be said that (birth is) by conduct — no; conduct is only indicative, says Karshnajini.।

English

If it be said that (birth is) by conduct — no; conduct is only indicative, says Karshnajini.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहें कि (works) would then be useless, तो ऐसा नहीं; क्योंकि conduct depends on them.।

English

If it be said that (works) would then be useless — no, because conduct depends on them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बादरि का मत है कि (अनुशय या शेष) केवल पुण्य और पाप कर्म ही हैं।

English

Badari holds that (the remainder) is only good and evil works.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और अनिष्ट आदि कर्म करने वालों के (चन्द्रलोक जाने की) बात भी सुनी गई है।

English

And it is also stated (that) those who do evil and the like (go to the moon).

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु दूसरे (पापी) यमलोक में (कष्ट) भोगकर चढ़ते और उतरते हैं, क्योंकि उनकी गति ऐसे ही दिखाई गई है।

English

But the others, having experienced (suffering) in the realm of Yama, ascend and descend, since their going is so described.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And स्मृति (गीता आदि) says so.।

English

And the Smriti says so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सात (नरक) भी हैं।

English

There are also seven (hells).

हिन्दी अर्थ

Even there, कोई विरोध नहीं है, since (Yama's servants) preside there.।

English

Even there, there is no contradiction, since (Yama's servants) preside there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु (दोनों मार्ग) विद्या और कर्म वालों के लिए हैं, क्योंकि वे प्रकृत विषय हैं।

English

But (the two paths) are for those of knowledge and works, because they are the subject.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तीसरे स्थान में ऐसा नहीं, क्योंकि उसका वर्णन वैसा ही मिलता है।

English

Not so with the third place, for it is described thus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

It is also stated in स्मृति (गीता आदि), in the world.।

English

It is also stated in the Smriti, in the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और what देखा जाता है. होने के कारण।

English

And because of what is seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वेदज आदि प्राणियों के लिए तीसरे स्थान का शब्द में समावेश है।

English

The third (place) is included in the word (for creatures born of sweat and the like).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और स्मृति (गीता आदि). होने के कारण।

English

And because of the Smriti.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(जीवात्मा attains) likeness in nature to (space, wind and so on), because that is appropriate.।

English

(The soul attains) likeness in nature to (space, wind and so on), because that is appropriate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बहुत देर बाद नहीं (उतरता), क्योंकि विशेष उल्लेख है।

English

Not after a very long time (does it descend), because of the specification.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूसरे जीवों से अधिष्ठित वनस्पतियों में (प्रवेश करता है), जैसा पहले की अवस्थाओं में, क्योंकि ऐसा वचन है।

English

(It enters) plants presided over by other souls, as in the earlier stages, because of the statement.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहें कि (the sacrifice) is impure (because it involves killing), तो ऐसा नहीं; क्योंकि of the scriptural word.।

English

If it be said that (the sacrifice) is impure (because it involves killing) — no, because of the scriptural word.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर रेतःसेचन करने वाले के साथ संयोग होता है।

English

Then (comes) union with the one who sheds semen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योनि से शरीर (उत्पन्न होता है)।

English

From the womb, a body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संध्यावस्था (स्वप्न) में सृष्टि होती है, क्योंकि श्रुति ऐसा कहती है।

English

In the dream state there is creation, for scripture says so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुछ शाखाएँ आत्मा को पुत्र आदि इष्ट पदार्थों का निर्माता कहती हैं।

English

Some recensions speak of the Self as the creator of sons and other desired objects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किंतु स्वप्न-सृष्टि केवल माया (आभास) है, क्योंकि उसमें सत्य वस्तु के सम्पूर्ण लक्षण प्रकट नहीं होते।

English

But it is mere illusion, because its nature is not fully manifest (as in waking).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और वह (स्वप्न) श्रुति के अनुसार (भावी घटनाओं का) सूचक है, और स्वप्न-शास्त्र को जानने वाले भी ऐसा कहते हैं।

English

And it is an indicator (of future events), according to scripture; and those who know dream-lore say so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु परमात्मा के संकल्प से (जीव का ईश्वरत्व) छिप जाता है, इसी से उसके बन्धन और उसका उलटा (मोक्ष) होते हैं।

English

But that (the soul's lordship) is hidden by the will of the Supreme; hence its bondage and the reverse.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देह के सम्बन्ध के कारण भी (वह आवरण) है।

English

(The concealment is) also owing to the connection with the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुषुप्ति नाड़ियों और हृदय के भीतर आत्मा में होती है, क्योंकि श्रुति ऐसा दर्शाती है।

English

The absence of dreams (in deep sleep) is in the channels and in the Self, according to scripture.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसलिए जागरण उस (परमात्मा) से होता है।

English

Hence the awakening is from that (Self).

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुषुप्ति से वही जीव पुनः जागता है, क्योंकि कर्म, स्मृति और शास्त्र का नियम है।

English

The same (soul awakens), because of the memory of deeds, the text and the injunction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

In the swoon there is half-attainment (of सुषुप्ति), by elimination.।

English

In the swoon there is half-attainment (of deep sleep), by elimination.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपाधि-भेद से भी परब्रह्म में उभय-लिंगता (भेद) नहीं आती, क्योंकि सब जगह वह एकरस ही है।

English

Not even by reason of place can the Supreme have twofold characteristics, for everywhere (scripture describes him as without qualities).

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि भेद के कारण (ब्रह्म में वे धर्म हैं) — तो नहीं, क्योंकि प्रत्येक श्रुति उनका निषेध करती है।

English

If it be said (that he has them) because of differences (in the limiting adjuncts) — no, because each text denies this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और कुछ शाखाएँ भी ऐसा ही कहती हैं।

English

And so some recensions also teach.

हिन्दी अर्थ

For (परब्रह्म) is formless alone, as it is the principal purport of the texts.।

English

For (Brahman) is formless alone, as it is the principal purport of the texts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और प्रकाश की तरह (रूप धारण करता है), जिससे रूप-सम्बन्धी श्रुति-वाक्य व्यर्थ नहीं होते।

English

And, like light, (it takes forms), so that the texts about forms are not futile.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And श्रुति (वेद) कहते हैं कि it is only that (pure चैतन्य).।

English

And scripture says that it is only that (pure consciousness).

हिन्दी अर्थ

And श्रुति (वेद) shows this, and it is also stated in स्मृति (गीता आदि).।

English

And scripture shows this, and it is also stated in the Smriti.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसी कारण सूर्य के प्रतिबिम्ब आदि की उपमा (आत्मा के लिए) दी जाती है।

English

For this very reason the comparisons (of the Self) with reflections of the sun and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

But the comparison is not exact, since (परब्रह्म) is not grasped (as located) like water.।

English

But the comparison is not exact, since (Brahman) is not grasped (as located) like water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृद्धि और ह्रास का भागी होना (उपमा में) ब्रह्म के भीतर होने के कारण है; इस प्रकार दोनों कथनों की संगति बैठती है।

English

(The comparison holds with respect to) sharing the increase and decrease, because (Brahman) is inside; thus both statements are consistent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और क्योंकि श्रुति (वेद) shows this.।

English

And because scripture shows this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रुति में 'नेति नेति' (यह नहीं, यह नहीं) कहकर ब्रह्म के प्रपंच-रूप का निषेध किया गया है, स्वरूप का नहीं।

English

For (the text) denies the limited extent of what was described, and then says more.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्म अव्यक्त है, क्योंकि श्रुति ऐसा ही कहती है।

English

That (Brahman) is unmanifest, for scripture says so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किंतु ध्यान और भक्ति की संराधन (आराधना) अवस्था में उसका साक्षात्कार होता है।

English

And (it is perceived) in perfect meditation, as Sruti and Smriti show.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और प्रकाश की तरह (जीव और ब्रह्म के स्वरूप में) कोई विशेष भेद नहीं।

English

And, like light, there is no difference (between soul and Brahman in their nature).

हिन्दी अर्थ

And the (soul's) light is shown in action, because of आवृत्ति (पुनरावृत्ति).।

English

And the (soul's) light is shown in action, because of repetition.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसलिए (जीव का) अनन्त के साथ (योग है); क्योंकि ऐसा लिंग (संकेत) है।

English

Therefore (the soul is united) with the Infinite; for there is an indication of this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु भेद और अभेद दोनों कथनों के कारण (यह सम्बन्ध) साँप और उसकी कुण्डलियों की तरह है।

English

But because of both statements (of difference and of non-difference), it is like a snake and its coils.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा प्रकाश और उसके आश्रय की तरह, क्योंकि दोनों तेजस्वी हैं।

English

Or like light and its substratum, because both are luminous.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Or as in the earlier case.।

English

Or as in the earlier case.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the denial (of anything else). होने के कारण।

English

And because of the denial (of anything else).

हिन्दी अर्थ

(पूर्वपक्ष —) इससे परे भी कुछ है, क्योंकि ‘सेतु’, ‘उन्मान’, ‘सम्बन्ध’ और ‘भेद’ के शब्द (ब्रह्म के लिए) कहे गए हैं।

English

(There is something) higher than this (Brahman), (says the objector,) because of the terms "bridge," "measure," "connection" and "difference."

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु (ये शब्द) सादृश्य के कारण प्रयुक्त हैं।

English

But (they are used) because of similarity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(The measure) is for the sake of understanding, like the "feet" of परब्रह्म.।

English

(The measure) is for the sake of understanding, like the "feet" of Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(‘सम्बन्ध’ शब्द) स्थान-विशेष के कारण है, जैसे प्रकाश आदि।

English

(The reference to "connection") is because of particular locations, like light and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और क्योंकि it is reasonable.।

English

And because it is reasonable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And so, because of the denial of anything else.।

English

And so, because of the denial of anything else.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्मों का फल परमात्मा से ही मिलता है, क्योंकि वही सबका अध्यक्ष है।

English

By this the all-pervadingness (of Brahman) is established, from words like "extent."

हिन्दी अर्थ

फल इसी (ईश्वर) से मिलता है, क्योंकि यही युक्ति-संगत है।

English

The fruit (of action) comes from him (the Lord), because that is reasonable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और क्योंकि श्रुति (वेद) says so.।

English

And because scripture says so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जैमिनि इसी कारण धर्म (कर्म) को ही (फलदाता) मानते हैं।

English

Jaimini holds it to be dharma (the work itself), for that very reason.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु बादरायण पहले (ईश्वर) को मानते हैं, क्योंकि उसे कारण कहा गया है।

English

But Badarayana holds the former (the Lord), because he is declared to be the cause.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सब वेदान्तों में कही गई उपासनाएँ एक ही हैं, क्योंकि विधि आदि में कोई भेद नहीं है।

English

The meditations mentioned in all the Vedanta texts are the same, because injunctions and the like are not different.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि भेद के कारण (वे एक नहीं हैं) — तो नहीं; एक ही उपासना में भी ऐसे भेद सम्भव हैं।

English

If it be said no, because of differences (in details) — no; even within one (meditation) such differences may occur.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि the study (of the Veda) is a duty in that way, and because of the eligibility in the usage (of the followers of the Atharva Veda).।

English

Because the study (of the Veda) is a duty in that way, and because of the eligibility in the usage (of the followers of the Atharva Veda).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और वह नियम (अभ्यास का) जल (के पात्र) के नियम की तरह है।

English

And that rule is like the rule about the water (of the sacrificial cup).

हिन्दी अर्थ

And श्रुति (वेद) shows this.।

English

And scripture shows this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थ का भेद न होने से, विधि के शेष-अंगों की तरह और समान उपासना में भी, (गुणों का) उपसंहार (संग्रह) करना चाहिए।

English

The details are to be combined (in all), because the purport is the same, as with the subordinate parts of an injunction, and in the same (meditation).

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहें कि it is different because of the text, तो ऐसा नहीं; क्योंकि there is no specific भेद.।

English

If it be said that it is different because of the text — no, because there is no specific difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा नहीं, क्योंकि प्रकरण भिन्न है, जैसे ‘परोवरीयान्’ आदि उपासनाओं में।

English

Or not (the same), because of the difference of context, as with the meditations on the "higher than the highest" and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि नाम से (एकता सिद्ध होती है) — तो उसका उत्तर कहा जा चुका; और इस प्रकार भी (एकता) है।

English

If it be said that the name shows the identity, that has been answered; and moreover there is (sameness even so).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the pervasiveness (of परमात्मा (आत्मतत्त्व)), it is consistent. होने के कारण।

English

And because of the pervasiveness (of the Self), it is consistent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

the identity of all (such texts), these (qualities) are to be combined elsewhere. होने के कारण।

English

Because of the identity of all (such texts), these (qualities) are to be combined elsewhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आनन्द आदि (गुण) प्रधान (ब्रह्म) के हैं।

English

Bliss and the like belong to the principal (Brahman).

हिन्दी अर्थ

‘प्रिय’ को शिर आदि कहना (अन्यत्र) नहीं लिया जाएगा, क्योंकि उपचय और अपचय (वृद्धि-ह्रास) भेद वाली वस्तु में ही होते हैं।

English

Having a head called "joy" and the like are not to be transferred, because increase and decrease belong to what has difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

But the others (reality, तत्त्वज्ञान, infinity) are to be combined, because of the sameness of meaning.।

English

But the others (reality, knowledge, infinity) are to be combined, because of the sameness of meaning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(The others are) for उपासना/ध्यान, because there is no other purpose.।

English

(The others are) for meditation, because there is no other purpose.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the word "Self." होने के कारण।

English

And because of the word "Self."

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमात्मा (आत्मतत्त्व) (परमेश्वर) is meant, as in other texts, because of the later text.।

English

The Self (the Supreme) is meant, as in other texts, because of the later text.

हिन्दी अर्थ

If it be said (that परमात्मा (आत्मतत्त्व) is the individual) because of संबंध — it is (परमेश्वर), by reason of the definite assertion.।

English

If it be said (that the Self is the individual) because of the connection — it is (the Supreme), by reason of the definite assertion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि (sipping water) is stated as an act, it is something new (an unprecedented rite).।

English

Because (sipping water) is stated as an act, it is something new (an unprecedented rite).

हिन्दी अर्थ

(The उपासना/ध्यान) is the same (in all), because of अभेद (अनन्यत्व).।

English

(The meditation) is the same (in all), because of non-difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्बन्ध के कारण अन्यत्र भी ऐसा ही है।

English

Similarly elsewhere too, because of the connection.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Or not (the same), because of the भेद.।

English

Or not (the same), because of the difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And श्रुति (वेद) shows this.।

English

And scripture shows this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

The "gathering" and the "pervading of heaven" (qualities) also (belong to परब्रह्म); hence (they are to be combined).।

English

The "gathering" and the "pervading of heaven" (qualities) also (belong to Brahman); hence (they are to be combined).

हिन्दी अर्थ

जैसे पुरुष-विद्या में, वैसे अन्य उपासनाओं में (इन गुणों का) उल्लेख न होने से (वे साथ नहीं जोड़े जाते)।

English

As in the Purusha meditation, so in the others there is no such mention (so they are not to be combined).

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेध आदि (मन्त्रों) के अर्थ भिन्न होने के कारण (उनका उपसंहार नहीं है)।

English

Because the mantras of piercing and the like have different purposes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(पुण्य-पाप के) झड़ जाने पर ‘उपायन’ शब्द के शेष-भाग से (उनका ग्रहण कहा गया है), जैसे कुशा, छन्द, स्तुति और उपगान में; यह कहा जा चुका है।

English

When (good and evil) are shaken off, the "taking up" (is stated) from the remainder of the text — like Kusha grass, metres, praise and singing; this has been explained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

साम्पराय (मृत्यु) के समय (पुण्य-पाप छूट जाते हैं), क्योंकि पार करने योग्य कुछ शेष नहीं है; अन्य शाखाएँ भी ऐसा ही पढ़ती हैं।

English

At death (good and evil are shed), because there is nothing more to cross; so others also read.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(गमन) अपनी इच्छा से है, क्योंकि दोनों कथनों में विरोध नहीं है।

English

(The going is) at his own will, since there is no contradiction between the two statements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवात्मा's going has a purpose in both ways (for the knower of the qualified परब्रह्म); otherwise there is a contradiction.।

English

The soul's going has a purpose in both ways (for the knower of the qualified Brahman); otherwise there is a contradiction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(यह) युक्ति-संगत है, क्योंकि लक्षण का प्रयोजन प्राप्त होता है, जैसा लोक में।

English

It is reasonable, since the purpose of the characteristics is found, as in the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सब ज्ञानियों के लिए कोई नियम नहीं है; श्रुति और स्मृति से विरोध भी नहीं।

English

There is no fixed rule for all knowers; there is no contradiction, as Sruti and Smriti show.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अधिकारी पुरुषों (अधिकार-प्राप्त आत्माओं) की स्थिति उनके अधिकार के रहने तक है।

English

The stay of those charged with offices lasts as long as their office.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु अक्षर-विद्याओं का (उपसंहार करने में) विरोध नहीं, सामान्य भाव और तद्भाव (ब्रह्म-रूपता) के कारण, उपसद की तरह; ऐसा कहा गया है।

English

But the meditations on the Imperishable are to be combined, because of generality and their being that (Brahman), as in the Upasad — this has been said.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि so much only उपदेश दिया गया है (in the text).।

English

Because so much only is taught (in the text).

हिन्दी अर्थ

(The inner Self is the same) as in the case of परमात्मा (आत्मतत्त्व) within the महाभूत (तत्त्व).।

English

(The inner Self is the same) as in the case of the Self within the elements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि अन्यथा भेद की उपपत्ति नहीं होती — तो नहीं, क्योंकि वह उपदेश के भेद की तरह है।

English

If it be said that otherwise the difference would be inexplicable — no, it is like a difference of teaching.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Interchange (of "I" and "thou") is meant, for they specify it as in other cases.।

English

Interchange (of "I" and "thou") is meant, for they specify it as in other cases.

हिन्दी अर्थ

‘सत्य’ आदि वही (दोनों स्थानों में एक) हैं।

English

Truth and the like are the same (in the two texts).

हिन्दी अर्थ

काम आदि (गुण) दूसरी जगह भी और वहाँ भी (जोड़े जाएँ), क्योंकि आयतन (स्थान) आदि का साम्य है।

English

Desires and the like are to be combined in the other place, and there too, because of the abode and so on.

हिन्दी अर्थ

There is no omission (of the rite), because of the respect shown.।

English

There is no omission (of the rite), because of the respect shown.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(The fulfilment) presents itself, because of the text.।

English

(The fulfilment) presents itself, because of the text.

हिन्दी अर्थ

There is no fixed rule as to ascertaining it, because it देखा जाता है (in the texts); the fruit is separately unobstructed.।

English

There is no fixed rule as to ascertaining it, because it is seen (in the texts); the fruit is separately unobstructed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दान की तरह ही — यह कहा जा चुका है।

English

As with a gift, this has been stated.

हिन्दी अर्थ

the greater number of indications, that is stronger; even that (holds). होने के कारण।

English

Because of the greater number of indications, that is stronger; even that (holds).

हिन्दी अर्थ

पहली (मानस-ग्रह) प्रकरण के कारण (क्रियामय का) विकल्प होगी, मानस क्रिया की तरह।

English

The former (the mental cups) are alternatives (to the physical rite) because of the context, like the mental rite.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और extension (of rules). होने के कारण।

English

And because of extension (of rules).

हिन्दी अर्थ

But (the fires) are (parts of) तत्त्वज्ञान alone, because of the determination.।

English

But (the fires) are (parts of) knowledge alone, because of the determination.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और what देखा जाता है (in श्रुति (वेद)). होने के कारण।

English

And because of what is seen (in scripture).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और श्रुति आदि (प्रमाणों) की प्रबलता के कारण बाध नहीं होता।

English

And because of the greater force of direct statement and the like, there is no sublation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुबन्ध (सम्बन्ध) आदि के कारण।

English

Because of connection and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और (अग्नियों की) दृष्टि अन्य विद्याओं की पृथक्ता की तरह अलग है; यह कहा जा चुका है।

English

And the vision (of the fires) is distinct, like the separateness of other kinds of knowledge; this has been said.

हिन्दी अर्थ

केवल समानता से भी (अभेद की) उपलब्धि नहीं होती; जैसे मृत्यु (सूर्य नहीं होती), वैसे ही लोक-प्राप्ति नहीं होती।

English

Not (identity) even from generality, as it is seen; like death (not being the sun), there is no attainment of the world (by mere similarity).

हिन्दी अर्थ

And (this holds) for later texts of such kind; संबंध is due to the greater number.।

English

And (this holds) for later texts of such kind; the connection is due to the greater number.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुछ लोग (मानते हैं कि) आत्मा शरीर में ही होता है, क्योंकि शरीर में उसकी उपलब्धि है।

English

Some (deny) the Self's existence apart from the body, because (the self) is found in the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(आत्मा) शरीर से भिन्न है, क्योंकि (शरीर के धर्म) उसी रूप में नहीं रहते; यह उपलब्धि की तरह (शरीर के साथ उत्पन्न होना) नहीं है।

English

(The Self) is distinct (from the body), because (the body's qualities) do not exist in the same way; it is not like perception (which arises with the body).

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु अंगों से बँधी उपासनाएँ किसी एक शाखा तक सीमित नहीं हैं, प्रत्येक वेद में (मानी जाती हैं)।

English

But the meditations connected with parts (of a rite) are not restricted to particular branches of the Veda, but hold in each Veda.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा मन्त्र आदि की तरह कोई विरोध नहीं।

English

Or, as with mantras and the like, there is no contradiction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

The greater (उपासना/ध्यान) is superior, like a sacrifice; and so श्रुति (वेद) shows.।

English

The greater (meditation) is superior, like a sacrifice; and so scripture shows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(The meditations are) different, because of the भेद of words and so on.।

English

(The meditations are) different, because of the difference of words and so on.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(वे) विकल्प हैं, क्योंकि उनका फल एक ही विशिष्ट है।

English

(They are) alternatives, because they have the same special result.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु काम्य (उपासनाएँ) इच्छानुसार एकत्र की जा सकती हैं अथवा नहीं, क्योंकि पहले का कारण यहाँ नहीं है।

English

But those (meditations) for desired ends may be combined as one wishes, or not, since the former reason is absent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अंगों में (उपासनाओं की) स्थिति उनके आश्रय के अनुसार होती है।

English

In the subordinate parts (of a rite), (the meditations) follow their substrates.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the विधि. होने के कारण।

English

And because of the injunction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

the combining (of the parts). होने के कारण।

English

Because of the combining (of the parts).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और गुण की साधारणता के श्रवण के कारण।

English

And because of the statement that the quality is common.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा नहीं (ऐसा), क्योंकि उनके साथ-साथ होने का श्रवण है।

English

Or not (so), because of the statement of their being together.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और what देखा जाता है. होने के कारण।

English

And because of what is seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

The purpose of man is accomplished by this (तत्त्वज्ञान), so Badarayana says, because of the scriptural word.।

English

The purpose of man is accomplished by this (knowledge), so Badarayana says, because of the scriptural word.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जैमिनि का मत है कि (ज्ञान के) शेष होने के कारण पुरुषार्थ-सम्बन्धी कथन केवल स्तुति है, जैसे अन्य स्थलों में।

English

Jaimini says the statements about human purpose are only praise, since (knowledge) is subordinate (to rites), as in other cases.

हिन्दी अर्थ

the conduct (of knowers) seen in श्रुति (वेद). होने के कारण।

English

Because of the conduct (of knowers) seen in scripture.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि श्रुति (वेद) says so.।

English

Because scripture says so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि (तत्त्वज्ञान) accompanies (the rite).।

English

Because (knowledge) accompanies (the rite).

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि (rites) are enjoined on one who has that (तत्त्वज्ञान).।

English

Because (rites) are enjoined on one who has that (knowledge).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the rule. होने के कारण।

English

And because of the rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु बादरायण का मत ठीक है, क्योंकि उपदेश (कर्म से) अधिक का है, जैसा श्रुति दिखाती है।

English

But Badarayana's view is right, because the teaching is of something beyond (rites), as scripture shows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

But the seeing (in the same श्रुति (वेद)) is equal on both sides.।

English

But the seeing (in the same scripture) is equal on both sides.

हिन्दी अर्थ

It is not universal (that तत्त्वज्ञान is subordinate to rites).।

English

It is not universal (that knowledge is subordinate to rites).

हिन्दी अर्थ

There is a division (of the two), like a hundred (divided).।

English

There is a division (of the two), like a hundred (divided).

हिन्दी अर्थ

(कर्म) केवल अध्ययन किए हुए पर (विहित हैं)।

English

(Rites are enjoined) on one who has merely learnt the text.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐसा नहीं है, because there is no distinction (in the text).।

English

Not so, because there is no distinction (in the text).

हिन्दी अर्थ

Or (the mention of works) is a permission, for praise.।

English

Or (the mention of works) is a permission, for praise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And some (are said to act) by choice.।

English

And some (are said to act) by choice.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And (श्रुति (वेद) speaks of) the destruction (of works).।

English

And (scripture speaks of) the destruction (of works).

हिन्दी अर्थ

And (this तत्त्वज्ञान exists) among those of continent life, for the श्रुति (वेद) says so.।

English

And (this knowledge exists) among those of continent life, for the scripture says so.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Jaimini holds (the text) is merely a reference, for it is not an विधि, and श्रुति (वेद) decries (it).।

English

Jaimini holds (the text) is merely a reference, for it is not an injunction, and scripture decries (it).

हिन्दी अर्थ

Badarayana का मत है कि (the life-stages) are to be practised, because of the equal statement of all.।

English

Badarayana holds that (the life-stages) are to be practised, because of the equal statement of all.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा यह विधि है, समिधा के धारण की तरह।

English

Or it is an injunction, like the holding (of a fuel-stick).

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहें कि it is merely praise, because of the mention, तो ऐसा नहीं; क्योंकि it is something new.।

English

If it be said that it is merely praise, because of the mention — no, because it is something new.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और the word denoting an act to be done. होने के कारण।

English

And because of the word denoting an act to be done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि कहा जाए कि (आख्यान) पारिप्लव पाठ के लिए हैं — तो नहीं, क्योंकि वे विशेष रूप से निर्दिष्ट हैं।

English

If it be said that (the stories) are for the Pariplava recitation — no, because they are specified.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And thus because of their connection in one sentence (with the उपासना/ध्यान).।

English

And thus because of their connection in one sentence (with the meditation).

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसी कारण अग्नि, ईंधन आदि की अपेक्षा नहीं है।

English

For this very reason there is no need of the fires, fuel and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु सब कर्मों की अपेक्षा है, क्योंकि यज्ञ आदि की श्रुति है, घोड़े की तरह।

English

But there is need of all (works), because of the texts on sacrifice and the like, as with a horse.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर भी शम, दम आदि से युक्त होना चाहिए, क्योंकि वे उसके अंग रूप में विहित हैं और उनका अनुष्ठान अवश्य करना होता है।

English

Yet one should be endowed with calmness, self-control and the like, because these are enjoined as its aids and must be practised.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और सब प्रकार के अन्न की अनुमति केवल प्राण-संकट में है, जैसा (कथा में) देखा गया है।

English

And permission to eat all kinds of food (holds) only when life is in danger, as is seen (in the story).

हिन्दी अर्थ

और क्योंकि (this) is not opposed (to the rule).।

English

And because (this) is not opposed (to the rule).

हिन्दी अर्थ

And it is also stated in स्मृति (गीता आदि).।

English

And it is also stated in the Smriti.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And the scriptural word (forbids) acting by whim.।

English

And the scriptural word (forbids) acting by whim.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और आश्रम-कर्म भी विहित होने से (करने योग्य हैं)।

English

And the duties of the stages of life are also enjoined.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And (they are) helpful (to तत्त्वज्ञान).।

English

And (they are) helpful (to knowledge).

हिन्दी अर्थ

सब प्रकार से भी वे ही (कर्म अभिप्रेत हैं), क्योंकि श्रुति और स्मृति दोनों का लिंग (संकेत) है।

English

In any case the same (works) are meant, because of the indication of both Sruti and Smriti.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And (श्रुति (वेद)) shows that (the knower) is not overcome.।

English

And (scripture) shows that (the knower) is not overcome.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And (persons standing) between (the stages) are also eligible, as देखा जाता है.।

English

And (persons standing) between (the stages) are also eligible, as is seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And it is stated in स्मृति (गीता आदि).।

English

And it is stated in the Smriti.

हिन्दी अर्थ

And there is special favour (by the works of the stages).।

English

And there is special favour (by the works of the stages).

हिन्दी अर्थ

But the other (the life of the stages) is better, because of the लिंग (संकेत).।

English

But the other (the life of the stages) is better, because of the indication.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु जो (संन्यासी) हो चुका है, उसका लौटना जैमिनि के मत में भी नहीं है, क्योंकि नियम है और ऐसी अनुमति का अभाव है।

English

But one who has become that (an ascetic) cannot revert, even according to Jaimini, because of the rule and because of the absence of any such permission.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Nor does (the rule of atonement) for one in office (apply), because a fall is inferred and it is unsuitable.।

English

Nor does (the rule of atonement) for one in office (apply), because a fall is inferred and it is unsuitable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुछ लोग (इसे) उपपातक मानते हैं, भोजन-निषेध की तरह; यह कहा जा चुका है।

English

Some regard (this) as a minor sin, like eating (forbidden food); this has been said.

हिन्दी अर्थ

But in both cases (they are) excluded (from society), because of स्मृति and usage.।

English

But in both cases (they are) excluded (from society), because of Smriti and usage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Atreya का मत है कि (the fruit of उपासना/ध्यान in a rite) belongs to the master (the sacrificer), because of श्रुति का वचन of fruit.।

English

Atreya holds that (the fruit of meditation in a rite) belongs to the master (the sacrificer), because of the statement of fruit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Audulomi says it belongs to the priest, because he is paid for it.।

English

Audulomi says it belongs to the priest, because he is paid for it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

There is an विधि of a third auxiliary (contemplation) for one who has that (तत्त्वज्ञान), as in the case of तत्त्वज्ञान and the rest.।

English

There is an injunction of a third auxiliary (contemplation) for one who has that (knowledge), as in the case of knowledge and the rest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किन्तु पूर्णता के कारण (छान्दोग्य का) उपसंहार गृहस्थ पर है।

English

Because of its completeness, (the Chandogya text) concludes with the householder.

हिन्दी अर्थ

Silence (is enjoined) for others also, because of the teaching.।

English

Silence (is enjoined) for others also, because of the teaching.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(वह) अपने को प्रकट न करता हुआ (रहे), क्योंकि अन्वय (वाक्य-क्रम) ऐसा है।

English

(He should live) without showing himself, because of the sequence (in the text).

हिन्दी अर्थ

In this life (the fruit comes), if there is no obstruction; so it देखा जाता है.।

English

In this life (the fruit comes), if there is no obstruction; so it is seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

So there is no rule as to the fruit of मोक्ष; the state (of मोक्ष) is determined (as the same); the state is determined.।

English

So there is no rule as to the fruit of liberation; the state (of liberation) is determined (as the same); the state is determined.