Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण है। उसके सिवा जो कुछ है, सब कार्यमात्र है

English

levy imposts upon the Vaisyas of his realm. If the king disregards the Vaisyas, they become lost to him, and abandoning his dominions remove themselves to the woods. The king should, therefore, behave with leniency towards them. The king, O son of Pritha, should always conciliate

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः वह सबको जाननेवाला साक्षी सर्वोत्कृष्ट देहका स्वामी आत्मा एक है हुताशनं वायुरिवेन्धनस्थम्

English

[Vyasa said:] "From birth rites on, a man's rites with their fees go on until his return home from the teacher who is a master of the Veda.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चन्द्र एव त्वमावास्यां तथा भवति मूर्तिमान्

English

Having studied all the Vedas, devoted to serving his teacher, free of debt to his teachers, the knower of sacrifice should return home.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनसा चान्यथा कांक्षन् परं न प्रतिपद्यते

English

Permitted by his teacher, he should follow one of the four stages until the release of his body, according to rule:

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथादर्शतले प्रख्ये पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि स्वच्छ दर्पणमें ही मानव अपने प्रतिबिम्बको अच्छी तरह देख पाता है

English

by begetting offspring with a wife, or by celibacy, in the forest or in the teacher's presence, or by the dharma of the ascetic.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मादिन्द्रियरूपेभ्यो यच्छेदात्मानमात्मना

English

The householder is called the root of all four; in it the self-controlled whose passions are ripened succeeds everywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धेः परतरं ज्ञानं ज्ञानातू परतरं महत् परमात्मा श्रेष्ठ है

English

With offspring, learned in the Veda, a sacrificer, freed from the three divine debts, afterward, purified, he goes by deeds to the other stages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनः श्रोत्रादिभिययुक्त शब्दादीन् साधु पश्यति

English

He should dwell at the most holy place on earth, a seat of learning; and strive there to reach eminence and excellent fame.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन्हें त्यागकर अमृतस्वरूप परमात्माको प्राप्त हो जाता है स एवास्तमपागच्छंस्तदेवात्मनि यच्छति

English

By great austerity, by crossing to the far shore of the sciences, by sacrifice, or by gifts to brahmanas, his fame grows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वकर्मजैज्ञानमिदं निबद्धम् अधम शरीरोंमें यह चिन्मय ज्ञान बिना किसी विरोधके स्थित रहता है

English

and protect the Vaisyas, adopt measures for inspiring them with a sense of security and for ensuring them in the enjoyment of what they possess, and always do what is agreeable to them. The king, O Bharata, should always act in such a way towards the Vaisyas that their productive powers may be enhanced. The Vaisyas increase the strength of a kingdom, improve its agriculture, and develop its trade. A wise king, therefore, should always gratify them. Acting with heedfulness and leniency, he should levy mild imposts upon them. It is always easy to behave with goodness towards the Vaisyas. There is nothing productive of greater good to a kingdom, O Yudhishthira, then the adoption of such behaviour towards the Vaisyas of the realm.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानैकदेश: परम: स तेभ्य:

English

not left, one would refrain absolutely from work. The king, therefore, in taxing the outturns of work, should leave such a margin of profit to the producers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तद्वच्छरीराणि शरीरिणां तु छित्त्वा न पश्यन्ति ततो यदन्यत्

English

resources at his disposal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुध: परं पश्यति तं स्वभावम्

English

For one dwelling in a house there is no other holy place than receiving, for gods, sages, ancestors, teachers, and the old, the weak and the hungry.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐसा नहीं जानता, वही एक शरीरसे दूसरे शरीरमें जन्म लेता रहता है गच्छत्यदृष्ट: फलसंनियोगात्

English

To those scorched in hiding and wishing to eat, he should give as he can, even more than is made, even beyond ability.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते त॑ न पश्यन्ति स पश्यते तान्

English

For the worthy and fitting there is nothing that should not be given; the good know that even the horse Uchchaihshravas should be brought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदाश्रयं चैव बिभर्ति रूपम् शरीरका आश्रय ले उसीको अपना स्वरूप मानकर धारण करता है

English

So, appeased, Kavya of true pledge and great vow went to heaven, having saved a brahmana's life with his own life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाकर पाँचों भूतोंका आश्रय ले लेते हैं

English

Rantideva and Sankritya, having given water to the great-souled Vasishtha, are honoured in the back of heaven, giving cold and hot.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाय्वात्मक: स्पर्शकृतो गुणश्व अनुगमन करते हैं अर्थात् मनके द्वारा फल प्रदान करते हैं

English

Atreya, having given manifold wealth to the worthy Chandra and Damaya, the wise king, went to endless worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तस्मात् स एक: परम: शरीरी

English

Shibi Aushinara, having offered his limbs and his dear son of his body for a brahmana's sake, went from here to the back of heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा कृतं पश्यति तद् विनश्यति

English

Pratardana, lord of Kashi, having given his own eyes to a brahmana, gains incomparable fame here and hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वज्ञ: सर्वदर्शी च सर्वज्ञस्तानि पश्यति सबका साक्षी है। सर्वज्ञ होनेके कारण ही वह उन सबको जानता है

English

Devavridha, having given a divine umbrella with polished ribs, golden and of great splendour, went to heaven with his weapons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न दृष्टपूर्व मनुजैर्न च तन्नास्ति तावता

English

Sankriti and Atreya, having taught the qualityless Brahman to their disciples, of great radiance, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण मनुष्य उसके परायण-आश्रित नहीं है धिया समनुपश्यन्ति तद्गता: सवितुर्गतिम्

English

Ambarisha, the mighty, having given eleven hundred millions of cows to brahmanas, went to heaven with his weapons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्यासन्न॑ निनीषन्ति ज्ञेयं ज्ञानाभिसंहितम्

English

Savitri her two divine earrings, Janamejaya his body, having given up for a brahmana's sake, went to the highest world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सूत्रजालैर्यथा मत्स्यान् बध्नन्ति जलजीविन: तद्वन्मूर्तिषु मूर्तिस्थं ज्ञेयं ज्ञानेन पश्यति

English

Vrishadarbhi gave all jewels, Yuvanashva dear women and a lovely dwelling, and reached that world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शरीरोंमें शरीरस्थ ज्ञेयस्वरूप आत्माको ज्ञानके द्वारा ही जान सकता है

English

Nimi of Videha gave his kingdom, Jamadagnya gave the earth to brahmanas, and Gaya gave the earth with cities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथैवेह परा बुद्धि: परं बोध्यं न पश्यति न च नाशोस्य भवति तथा विद्धि शरीरिणम्

English

When the rain did not fall, Vasishtha repeatedly revived all beings, as Prajapati the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्वल्लिड्डान्तरं प्राप्प शरीरी भ्राजते पुन:

English

Marutta, king and son of Karandhama, having given his daughter to Angiras, quickly went to heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसी प्रकार जीवात्मा दूसरा शरीर धारण करके पुनः प्रकट हो जाता है सा तु चान्द्रमसी वृत्ति्न तु तस्य शरीरिण:

English

Brahmadatta of Panchala, best of the wise, a king, having given the treasure Shankha to the best of the twice-born, gained the worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वही है--ऐसा समझना चाहिए) विसृजंश्नोपसर्पश्च॒ तद्बत् पश्य शरीरिणम्

English

King Mitrasaha too, having given his dear Madayanti to the great-souled Vasishtha, went to heaven with her.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्वच्छरीरसंयुक्त: शरीरीत्युपलभ्यते

English

The royal sage Sahasrajit of great fame, having given up his dear life for a brahmana's sake, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्धच्छरीरनिर्मुक्त: शरीरी नोपलभ्यते तद्वच्छरीरनिर्मुक्त: फलैर्युज्यति कर्मण:

English

Shatadyumna, lord of the earth, having given a golden house filled with all desires to Mudgala, went to heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानमिन्द्रियसंयुक्तं तद्धत् प्रेत्य भवाभवौ

English

The mighty king of Shalva, named Dyutiman, having given his kingdom to Richika, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्वव्प्रसन्नेन्द्रियत्वाउज्ञेयं ज्ञानेन पश्यति साक्षात्कार कर सकता है

English

Madirashva the royal sage, having given his slender-waisted daughter to Hiranyahasta, went to the worlds praised by the gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेन्द्रियाकुली भावे ज्ञेयं ज्ञाने न पश्यति

English

Lomapada the royal sage, the lord, having given his daughter Shanta to Rishyashringa, was joined with abundant desires.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्टस्य मनस: पठ्च सम्प्रदुष्यन्ति मानसा: अदृष्टवच्च भूतात्मा विषयेभ्यो निवर्तते

English

King Prasenajit of great splendour, having given a hundred thousand cows with calves, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इच्छाके कारण बारंबार इस संसारमें आता और जन्म ग्रहण करता है

English

These and many others, great souls, of refined selves and master of their senses, went to heaven by giving and austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवर्तते तदा तर्ष: पापमन्तगतं यदा जाती है, तभी उसकी तृष्णा निवृत्त हो जाती है

English

Their fame is established as long as the earth stands; for by giving, sacrifice and creating offspring they gained heaven."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्येन्द्रिययुणान् पजच सोस्तमावृत्य गच्छति

English

"Yudhishthira said: 'Tell me, O grandsire, how should the king should behave if, notwithstanding his great wealth, he desires for more.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

अशोचन् प्रतिकुर्वीत यदि पश्येदुपक्रमम् स्निग्धस्य चेन्द्रियार्थेषु मोहान्मरणमप्रियम्

English

[Vyasa said:] "Those skilled in Vedic disputations and skilled in the self, who are good and greatly fortunate, see origin and dissolution.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निनीषेत् परमं ब्रह्म विशुद्धेनान्तरात्मना

English

So he should live by dharma and act as the refined do; a brahmin should seek livelihood without hindering beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा हि परमं ब्रह्म विमुक्तं प्रकृते: परम् निवर्तन्ते निवृत्तौ च स्वर्ग चैवोपयान्ति च

English

One who has received knowledge from the good, refined, skilled in the shastras, doing his work in the world by his own dharma, true to his pledge,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहंकारो5भिमानश्व समूहो भूतसंज्ञक:

English

the householder stands in these good deeds; that twice-born should always sacrifice with the five sacrifices, with faith.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वितीया मिथुनव्यक्तिमविशेषान्नियच्छति रागवान् प्रकृतिं होति विरक्तो ज्ञानवान् भवेत्

English

Steadfast, careful, self-controlled, knower of dharma, self-possessed, free of joy, fear and anger, a brahmana does not fall.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ तद् रक्ष्यते ब्रह्म मणौ सूत्रमिवापितम्

English

Giving, study, sacrifice, austerity, modesty, honesty and self-control increase his energy and draw away sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वत्र व्याप्त परब्रह्मका साक्षात्कार कर लेता है मुक्तास्वथ प्रवालेषु मृन्मये राजते तथा

English

With sin shaken off, wise, light of diet, master of his senses, having brought desire and anger under control, he should wish to lead himself to the seat of Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्धत् कीटपतड्लेषु प्रसक्तात्मा स्वकर्मभि:

English

He should honour the fires and brahmanas, bow to the deities, and avoid harsh speech and violence joined with adharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्रोत्ययं कर्मफल प्रवृत्तं धर्ममाप्तवान् फलको प्राप्त होता है

English

"Bhishma said, 'A king, desirous of earning religious merit, should devote himself to the good of his subjects and protect them according to considerations of place and time and to the best of his intelligence and power. He should, in his dominions, adopt all such measures as would in his estimation secure their good as also his own. A king should milk his kingdom like a bee gathering honey from plants. I He should act like the keeper of a cow who draws milk from her without boring her udders and without starving the calf. The king should (in the matter of taxes) act like the leech drawing blood mildly. He should conduct himself towards his subjects like a tigress in the matter of carrying her cubs, touching them with her teeth but never piercing them therewith. He should behave like a mouse which though possessed of sharp and pointed teeth still cuts the feet of sleeping animals in such a manner that they do not at all become conscious of it. A little by little should be taken from a growing subject and by this means should he be shorn. The demand should then be increased gradually till what is taken assumes a fair proportion. The king should enhance the burthens of his subjects gradually like a person gradually increasing the burthens of a young bullock. Acting with care and mildness, he should at last put the reins on them. If the reins are thus put, they would not become intractable. Indeed, adequate measures should be employed for making them obedient. Mere entreaties to reduce them to subjection would not do. It is impossible to behave equally towards all men. Conciliating those that are foremost, the common people should be reduced to obedience. Producing disunion (through the agency of their leaders) among the common people who are to bear the burthens, the king should himself come forward to conciliate them and then enjoy in happiness what he will succeed in drawing from them. The king should never impose taxes unseasonably and on persons

हिन्दी अर्थ

रसवर्ज रसोप्यस्य परं दृष्टवा निवर्तते

English

unable to bear them. He should impose them gradually and with conciliation, in proper season and according to due forms. These contrivances that I declare unto thee are legitimate means of king-craft. They are not reckoned as methods fraught with deceit. One who seeks to govern steeds by improper methods only makes them furious. Drinking-shops, public women, pimps, actors, gamblers and keepers of gaining houses, and other persons of this kind, who are sources of disorder to the state, should all be checked. Residing within the realm, these afflict and injure the better classes of the subjects. Nobody should ask anything of anyone when there is no distress. Manu himself in days of old has laid down this injunction in respect of all men. l If all men were to live by asking or begging and abstain from work, the world would doubtless come to an end. The king alone is competent to restrain and check. That king who does not restrain his subjects (from sin) earns a fourth part of the sins committed by his people (in

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा सम्पद्यते ब्रह्म तत्रेव प्रलयं गतम् जीवात्मा ब्रह्ममें लीन होकर ब्रह्मको प्राप्त हो जाता है

English

What is full of anger, always greatly bewildered, the world is carried on by the great force seen in the rule, by the unobstructed power, by the current of nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्राणमवितर्क च सत्त्वं प्रविशते परम्

English

By a great flood of Time, by whirlpools of rain, with waves of months, with the swiftness of the seasons, and with fortnights as reeds,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मतिस्त्वभिगता ज्ञानं ज्ञानं चाभिगतं परम् ज्ञानमें और ज्ञानका परमात्मामें लय होता है

English

with the winking and opening of the eye as foam, with the speed of days and nights, with desire as the fearsome crocodile, with the Veda and sacrifices as boats,

हिन्दी अर्थ

न बुद्धिर्बुद्धाते5व्यक्तं सूक्ष्मं त्वेतानि पश्यति

English

with dharma as the island of beings, the sound of wealth and desire, truth as the steps on the shore, violence as the trees carried along,

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मा इन सबको देखता और जानता है यस्मिन् न शक्‍्यते कर्तु यत्नस्तं नानुचिन्तयेत्

English

in the midst of the lake of ages, with Brahman as its origin, beings made by the Creator are dragged to Yama's abode.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाय; क्योंकि चिन्तन करनेसे वह सामने आता है और अधिकाधिक बढ़ता रहता है

English

This the steadfast wise cross by rafts made of wisdom; those without rafts, being witless, what will they do?

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतद् विज्ञानसामर्थ्य न बालै: समतामियात् आरोग्यं प्रियसंवासो गृध्येत् तत्र न पण्डित:

English

What is fitting, the wise man crosses, not other folk; the wise man sees virtue and fault everywhere from afar.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं। विवेकशील पुरुषोंको इनमें आसक्त नहीं होना चाहिए

English

The doubting, desire-natured, unsteady, of little mind, unwise, does not cross at all; he who stays does not go.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभ्येति ब्रह्म सोत्यन्तं न ते शोचन्ति पण्डिता:

English

The raftless, carried along, meets great fault; for one seized by the crocodile of desire there is no raft of knowledge even.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः: वे ज्ञानी पुरुष कभी शोक नहीं करते हैं दुःखेन चाधिगम्यन्ते नाशमेषां न चिन्तयेत्

English

Therefore the discerning should strive to emerge; this emerging of his is that he becomes a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनकी उपलब्धि होती है; अतः उनका नाश हो जाय तो चिन्ता नहीं करनी चाहिए

English

Born in a family clean on three sides, in triple doubt, doing triple deeds, he should therefore keep emerging and cross by wisdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा प्रज्ञायते ब्रह्म ध्यानयोगसमाधिना अपरादभिनि:सृत्य गिरे: शुद्भादिवोदकम्

English

For the refined, self-controlled, restrained, self-trained one, accomplishment follows directly, here and in the next world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ओर बहने लग जाती है

English

He lives in them as a householder, not angry or envious; he should sacrifice constantly with the five sacrifices, eating the remains.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा प्रज्ञायते ब्रह्म निकषं निकषे यथा न समक्षगुणापेक्षि निर्गुणस्य निदर्शकम्

English

He should live by the conduct of the good, act as the refined do, and seek a blameless livelihood without hindering dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनस्येकाग्रतां कृत्वा तत्परं प्रतिपद्यते

English

Knowing the truth of scripture and discernment, of refined conduct, wise, active by his own dharma, he too is unmixed by action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेन्द्रियाण्युपादाय बुद्धिर्मनसि वर्तते समस्त इन्द्रियोंको लेकर हृदयमें स्थित हो जाती है

English

Active, faithful, generous, wise, free of envy, knowing the difference between dharma and adharma, he crosses all that is hard to cross.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यवसायगुणोपेता तदा सम्पद्यते मन:

English

Steadfast, careful, self-controlled, knower of dharma, self-possessed, free of joy, fear and anger, a brahmana does not fall.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत्र नास्ति पदन्‍्यास: कस्तं विषयमाप्नुयात् वाणीका व्यापार ही नहीं है, उस वस्तुको कौन वर्णनका विषय बना सकता है

English

This is the earlier livelihood laid down for a brahmana; performing actions with knowledge, he succeeds everywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गुणाभावात् प्रकृत्या वा निस्तर्क्य ज्ञेयसम्मितम् गुणप्रचारिणी बुद्धिहुताशन इवेन्धने

English

The unwise, wishing for dharma, does adharma here, and does dharma that is like adharma, grieving as it were.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्बन्धित होनेके कारण ब्रह्मको न पाकर लौट आती है

English

"I do dharma," he says, and does adharma; and wishing for adharma he does dharma; the fool, not knowing both deeds, is born and dies as an embodied being."