Mahabharata
12
अध्याय 12 / 18

Shanti Parva

शान्तिपर्व

12866 श्लोकभाग 26/172 · श्लोक 60.1–62.11

पूर्ण अध्याय पाठ84 श्लोक

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.1

[वैषम्पायन] ततः पुनः स गाङ्गेयम अभिवाद्य पिता महम पराञ्जलिर नियतॊ भूत्वा पर्यपृच्छद युधिष्ठिर

[vaiṣampāyana] tataḥ punaḥ sa gāṅgeyama abhivādya pitā mahama parāñjalira niyatò bhūtvā paryapṛcchada yudhiṣṭhira

हिन्दी अर्थ

देशजातिकुलानां च धर्मज्ञोडस्मि जनार्दन

English

Vaisampayana said, "In this connection, the high-souled Yudhishthira said unto Arjuna these words fraught with reason. 'Thou thinkest, O Partha, that there is nothing superior to wealth, and that the poor man can neither have heaven, nor happiness, nor the acquisition of his wishes. This, however, is not true. Many persons are seen that have been crowned with success through sacrifice in the shape of Vedic study. Many sages are seen by devotion to penances to have acquired eternal regions of bliss. They, O Dhananjaya, who always observe the practices of the Rishis by betaking themselves to Brahmacharya and who become acquainted with all duties, are regarded by the gods as Brahmanas. O Dhananjaya, thou shouldst always regard those Rishis that are devoted to the study of the Vedas and those that are devoted to the pursuit of true knowledge as persons that are truly virtuous. O son of Pandu, all our acts depend upon those that are devoted to the acquisition of true knowledge, l We know this to be the opinion of the Vaikhanasas, O puissant one! The Ajas, the Prishnis, the Sikatas, O Bharata, the Arunas, and the Kitavas, have all gone to heaven through the merit of Vedic study. By performing those acts, O Dhananjaya, that are indicated in the Vedas, viz., battle, study of the Vedas, sacrifices, the restraint of passion that is so difficult, one goes to heaven by the southern path of the Sun (Dakshinayana). I have, before this, told thee that those very regions belong to persons that are observant of (Vedic) acts. Thou shalt see, however, that the northern path (Uttarayana) is travelled by those that are devoted to Yoga penances. Those eternal and bright regions to which that path leads belong to men of Yoga. Of these two, the northern path is much applauded by those conversant with the Puranas. Thou shouldst know that one acquires heaven through contentment. From contentment springs great happiness. There is nothing higher than contentment. Unto the Yogin who has controlled wrath and joy, contentment is his high praise and success. In this connection is cited the discourse by Yayati of old. Listening to that discourse one may succeed in withdrawing all his desires like a tortoise drawing in all his limbs. When one cherishes no fear of anything, when one is not feared by anything, when one cherishes no desire, when one bears no hate, then is one said to have attained to the state of Brahma. When one does not bear sinfully towards any creature, in act, thought, or word, one is then said to have attained to Brahma. When one has controlled his pride and folly, and withdrawn himself from all attachments, it is then that that pious man of irradiated soul becomes fit for attaining to that salvation which consists in the annihilation of separate existence. Listen now to me with concentrated attention, O son of Pritha, as I say it unto thee. Some desire virtue; some, good conduct; and some wealth. One may desire wealth ( as a means for the acquisition of virtue). The abandonment,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.2

के धर्माः सर्ववर्णानां चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य के पृथक चतुर्णाम आश्रमाणां च राज धर्माश च के मताः

ke dharmāḥ sarvavarṇānāṃ cāturvarṇyasya ke pṛthaka caturṇāma āśramāṇāṃ ca rāja dharmāśa ca ke matāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

स फल सर्वपुण्यानां प्रेत्य चानुभविष्यति

English

"What are the dharmas of all classes, what separately for the four classes and the four stages of life, and what are held to be the duties of kings?

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.3

केन सविद वर्धते राष्ट्रं राजा केन विवर्धते केन पौराश च भृत्याश च वर्धने भरतर्षभ

kena savida vardhate rāṣṭraṃ rājā kena vivardhate kena paurāśa ca bhṛtyāśa ca vardhane bharatarṣabha

हिन्दी अर्थ

हन्त धर्मान् प्रवक्ष्यामि दृढे वाइमनसी मम

English

By what does a kingdom grow, by what does a king grow, and by what do townsfolk and servants grow, bull of the Bharatas?

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.4

कॊशं दण्डं च दुर्गं च सहायान मन्त्रिणस तथा ऋत्विक पुरॊहिताचार्यान कीदृशान वर्जयेन नृपः

kòśaṃ daṇḍaṃ ca durgaṃ ca sahāyāna mantriṇasa tathā ṛtvika puròhitācāryāna kīdṛśāna varjayena nṛpaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्मिन्नेतानि सर्वाणि स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

What kind of treasury, rod, fort, helpers, ministers, priests, household priests and teachers should a king avoid?

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.5

केषु विश्वसितव्यं सयाद राज्ञां कस्यां चिद आपदि कुतॊ वात्मा दृढॊ रक्ष्यस तन मे बरूहि पिता मह

keṣu viśvasitavyaṃ sayāda rājñāṃ kasyāṃ cida āpadi kutò vātmā dṛḍhò rakṣyasa tana me barūhi pitā maha

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा बन्धु-बान्धवोंको संग्राममें मार डालता है, उसका वह कार्य धर्म ही है

English

In whom should kings trust in any calamity, and whence should the self be firmly guarded? Tell me that, grandsire."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.6

नमॊ धर्माय महते नमः कृष्णाय वेधसे बराह्मणेभ्यॊ नमस्कृत्वा धर्मान वक्ष्यामि शाश्वतान

namò dharmāya mahate namaḥ kṛṣṇāya vedhase barāhmaṇebhyò namaskṛtvā dharmāna vakṣyāmi śāśvatāna

हिन्दी अर्थ

वक्षोंसे युक्त खूनकी नदी बहा देता है, वह धर्मका ज्ञाता है

English

"Homage to great dharma, homage to Krishna the Creator; having bowed to the Brahmanas I shall tell the eternal dharmas.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.7

अक्रॊधः सत्यवचनं संविभागः कषमा तथा परजनः सवेषु दारेषु शौचम अद्रॊह एव च

akròdhaḥ satyavacanaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ kaṣamā tathā parajanaḥ saveṣu dāreṣu śaucama adròha eva ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म्य स्वर्ग्य च लोक्यं च युद्ध हि मनुरब्रवीत्

English

Freedom from anger, truthful speech, sharing, forbearance, begetting offspring on one's own wives, purity and non-malice,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.8

आर्जवं भृत्यभरणं नवैते सार्ववर्णिकाः बराह्मणस्य तु यॊ धर्मस तं ते वक्ष्यामि केवलम

ārjavaṃ bhṛtyabharaṇaṃ navaite sārvavarṇikāḥ barāhmaṇasya tu yò dharmasa taṃ te vakṣyāmi kevalama

हिन्दी अर्थ

विनीतवदुपागम्य तस्थौ संदर्शनेडग्रत:

English

uprightness, supporting dependants: these nine are for all classes. The dharma of the Brahmana I shall tell you separately.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.9

दमम एव महाराज धर्मम आहुः पुरातनम सवाध्यायॊ ऽधयापनं चैव तत्र कर्म समाप्यते

damama eva mahārāja dharmama āhuḥ purātanama savādhyāyò 'dhayāpanaṃ caiva tatra karma samāpyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

पास जाकर एक विनीत पुरुषके समान उनकी दृष्टिके सामने खड़े हो गये

English

Self-control, great king, they call the ancient dharma; Vedic study and teaching—in these his work is completed.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.10

तं चेद वित्तम उपागच्छेद वर्तमानं सवकर्मणि अकुर्वाणं विकर्माणि शान्तं परज्ञान तर्पितम

taṃ ceda vittama upāgaccheda vartamānaṃ savakarmaṇi akurvāṇaṃ vikarmāṇi śāntaṃ parajñāna tarpitama

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजधर्माश्ष सकलानवगच्छामि केशव

English

however, of such desire would be better for him. l There are many faults attached to wealth and consequently to those religious acts that are performed with wealth. We have seen it with our own eyes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.11

कुर्वीतापत्य संतानम अथॊ दद्याद यजेत च संविभज्य हि भॊक्तव्यं धनं सद्भिर इतीष्यते

kurvītāpatya saṃtānama athò dadyāda yajeta ca saṃvibhajya hi bhòktavyaṃ dhanaṃ sadbhira itīṣyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

केशव! इस समय मैं सम्पूर्ण राजधर्मोको भी भलीभाँति जानता हूँ

English

He should beget offspring, give and sacrifice; wealth is to be enjoyed by the good after sharing, so it is held.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.12

परिनिष्ठित कार्यस तु सवाध्यायेनैव बराह्मणः कुर्याद अन्यन न वा कुर्यान मैत्रॊ बराह्मण उच्यते

pariniṣṭhita kāryasa tu savādhyāyenaiva barāhmaṇaḥ kuryāda anyana na vā kuryāna maitrò barāhmaṇa ucyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

तव प्रसादाद्धि शुभा मनो मे बुद्धिराविशत्

English

A Brahmana whose duty is complete by Vedic study alone may do something else or not; he is called a friend (maitra) Brahmana.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.13

कषत्रियस्यापि यॊ धर्मस तं ते वक्ष्यामि भारत दद्याद राजा न याचेत यजेत न तु याजयेत

kaṣatriyasyāpi yò dharmasa taṃ te vakṣyāmi bhārata dadyāda rājā na yāceta yajeta na tu yājayeta

हिन्दी अर्थ

दक्तुं श्रेयः समर्थो5स्मि त्वत्प्रसादाज्जनार्दन

English

The dharma of the kshatriya too I shall tell you, Bharata: a king should give and not beg, sacrifice but not officiate,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.14

नाध्यापयेद अधीयीत परजाश च परिपालयेत नित्यॊद्युक्तॊ दस्यु वधे रणे कुर्यात पराक्रमम

nādhyāpayeda adhīyīta parajāśa ca paripālayeta nityòdyuktò dasyu vadhe raṇe kuryāta parākramama

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि ते विवक्षितं चात्र तदाशु वद माधव

English

not teach, but study; protect the subjects, ever active in slaying robbers; he should show valour in battle.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.15

ये च करतुभिर ईजानाः शरुतवन्तश च भूमिपाः य एवाहव जेतारस त एषां लॊकजित तमाः

ye ca karatubhira ījānāḥ śarutavantaśa ca bhūmipāḥ ya evāhava jetārasa ta eṣāṃ lòkajita tamāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथैव यशसा पूर्णे मयि को विस्मयिष्यति

English

Those kings who have sacrificed with sacrifices and are learned, and those who are conquerors in battle, are the foremost conquerors of the world.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.16

अविक्षतेन देहेन समराद यॊ निवर्तते कषत्रियॊ नास्य तत कर्म परशंसन्ति पुरा विदः

avikṣatena dehena samarāda yò nivartate kaṣatriyò nāsya tata karma paraśaṃsanti purā vidaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्तम उपदेश प्राप्त हो तो उसे सुनकर कौन आश्चर्य करेगा?

English

A kshatriya who returns from the battle with an unwounded body—the ancient sages do not praise that deed of his.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.17

वधं हि कषत्रबन्धूनां धर्मम आहुः परधानतः नास्य कृत्यतमं किं चिद अन्यद दस्यु निबर्हणात

vadhaṃ hi kaṣatrabandhūnāṃ dharmama āhuḥ paradhānataḥ nāsya kṛtyatamaṃ kiṃ cida anyada dasyu nibarhaṇāta

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो मे विपुला बुद्धिस्त्वयि भीष्म समर्पिता

English

The slaying of enemies is called the chief dharma of kshatriyas; for him there is no work more incumbent than the destruction of robbers.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.18

दानम अध्ययनं यज्ञॊ यॊगः कषेमॊ विधीयते तस्माद राज्ञा विशेषेण यॊद्धव्यं धर्मम ईप्षता

dānama adhyayanaṃ yajñò yògaḥ kaṣemò vidhīyate tasmāda rājñā viśeṣeṇa yòddhavyaṃ dharmama īpṣatā

हिन्दी अर्थ

तावत् तवाक्षया कीर्तिलोकाननुचरिष्यति

English

Giving, study, sacrifice, yoga and security are prescribed; therefore a king wishing dharma especially should fight.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.19

सवेषु धर्मेष्व अवस्थाप्य परजाः सर्वा महीपतिः धर्मेण सर्वकृत्यानि समनिष्ठानि कारयेत

saveṣu dharmeṣva avasthāpya parajāḥ sarvā mahīpatiḥ dharmeṇa sarvakṛtyāni samaniṣṭhāni kārayeta

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेदप्रवाद इव ते स्थास्यते वसुधातले

English

Having established all subjects in their own dharmas, the lord of the earth should have all tasks done in accord with dharma.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.20

परिनिष्ठित कार्यः सयान नृपतिः परिपालनात कुर्याद अन्यन न वा कुर्याद ऐन्द्रॊ राजन्य उच्यते

pariniṣṭhita kāryaḥ sayāna nṛpatiḥ paripālanāta kuryāda anyana na vā kuryāda aindrò rājanya ucyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

दत्ता यशो विप्रथयेत् कथं भूयस्तवेति ह

English

A king whose duty is complete through protection may do something else or not; he is called an Aindra kshatriya.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.21

वैश्यस्यापीह यॊ धर्मस तं ते वक्ष्यामि भारत दानम अध्ययनं यज्ञः शौचेन धनसंचयः

vaiśyasyāpīha yò dharmasa taṃ te vakṣyāmi bhārata dānama adhyayanaṃ yajñaḥ śaucena dhanasaṃcayaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपके महान् यशका इस भूतलपर विस्तार हो

English

The dharma of the Vaishya here I shall tell you, Bharata: giving, study, sacrifice, and gathering wealth by purity.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.22

पितृवत पालयेद वैश्यॊ युक्तः सर्वपशून इह विकर्म तद भवेद अन्यत कर्म यद यत समाचरेत रक्षया स हि तेषां वै महत सुखम अवाप्नुयात

pitṛvata pālayeda vaiśyò yuktaḥ sarvapaśūna iha vikarma tada bhaveda anyata karma yada yata samācareta rakṣayā sa hi teṣāṃ vai mahata sukhama avāpnuyāta

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्माननुयुयुक्षन्तस्ते भ्य: प्रब्रूहि भारत

English

The Vaishya, devoted, should protect all cattle as a father; any other work he might do would be a wrong deed; by protecting them he would attain great happiness.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.23

परजापतिर हि वैश्याय सृष्ट्वा परिददे पशून बराह्मणाय च राज्ञे च सर्वाः परिददे परजाः

parajāpatira hi vaiśyāya sṛṣṭvā paridade paśūna barāhmaṇāya ca rājñe ca sarvāḥ paridade parajāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुशलो राजधर्माणां सर्वेषामपराश्च ये

English

For the Prajapati, having created animals, entrusted them to the Vaishya, and entrusted all subjects to the Brahmana and king.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.24

तस्य वृत्तिं परवक्ष्यामि यच च तस्यॊपजीवनम षण्णाम एकां पिबेद धेनुं शताच च मिथुनं हरेत

tasya vṛttiṃ paravakṣyāmi yaca ca tasyòpajīvanama ṣaṇṇāma ekāṃ pibeda dhenuṃ śatāca ca mithunaṃ hareta

हिन्दी अर्थ

समस्त राजधर्मों तथा अन्य धर्मोंके ज्ञानमें भी आप कुशल हैं

English

I shall tell his livelihood and what he lives on: from six cows he may drink the milk of one, and from a hundred take a pair.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.25

लये च सप्तमॊ भागस तथा शृङ्गे कला खुरे सस्यस्य सर्वबीजानाम एषा सांवत्सरी भृतिः

laye ca saptamò bhāgasa tathā śṛṅge kalā khure sasyasya sarvabījānāma eṣā sāṃvatsarī bhṛtiḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञातारं सर्वधर्माणां त्वां विदु: सर्वपार्थिवा:

English

In case of loss, a seventh part; and from the horn a part, from the hoof a part; for grain and all seeds, this is the yearly wage.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.26

न च वैश्यस्य कामः सयान न रक्षेयं पशून इति वैश्ये चेच्छति नान्येन रक्षितव्याः कथं चन

na ca vaiśyasya kāmaḥ sayāna na rakṣeyaṃ paśūna iti vaiśye cecchati nānyena rakṣitavyāḥ kathaṃ cana

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषयश्चैव देवाश्न॒ त्वया नित्यमुपासिता:

English

The Vaishya should have no thought, "I will not protect cattle"; if the Vaishya wishes it, they are not to be protected by another in any way.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.27

शूद्रस्यापि हि यॊ धर्मस तं ते वक्ष्यामि भारत परजापतिर हि वर्णानां दासं शूद्रम अकल्पयत

śūdrasyāpi hi yò dharmasa taṃ te vakṣyāmi bhārata parajāpatira hi varṇānāṃ dāsaṃ śūdrama akalpayata

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसलिये आपको अवश्य ही सम्पूर्ण धर्मोका उपदेश करना चाहिए

English

The dharma of the Shudra too I shall tell you, Bharata: the Prajapati made the Shudra a servant of the classes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.28

तस्माच छूद्रस्य वर्णानां परिचर्या विधीयते तेषां शुश्रूषणाच चैव महत सुखम अवाप्नुयात

tasmāca chūdrasya varṇānāṃ paricaryā vidhīyate teṣāṃ śuśrūṣaṇāca caiva mahata sukhama avāpnuyāta

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म शुश्रूषमाणे भ्य: पृष्टेन च सता पुन:

English

Therefore service of the classes is prescribed for the Shudra, and by serving them he would attain great happiness.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.29

शूद्र एतान परिचरेत तरीन वर्णान अनसूयकः संचयांश च न कुर्वीत जातु शूद्रः कथं चन

śūdra etāna paricareta tarīna varṇāna anasūyakaḥ saṃcayāṃśa ca na kurvīta jātu śūdraḥ kathaṃ cana

हिन्दी अर्थ

विद्वाञ्जिज्ञासमानैस्त्वं प्रत्रूहि भरतर्षभ

English

A Shudra should serve these three classes without envy, and a Shudra should never make accumulations in any way.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.30

पापीयान हि धनं लब्ध्वा वशे कुर्याद गरीयसः राज्ञा वा समनुज्ञातः कामं कुर्वीत धार्मिकः

pāpīyāna hi dhanaṃ labdhvā vaśe kuryāda garīyasaḥ rājñā vā samanujñātaḥ kāmaṃ kurvīta dhārmikaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मोका प्रवचन करूँगा

English

For the lowly, obtaining wealth, would bring the greater under his sway; or, permitted by the king, the righteous one may do as he wishes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.31

तस्य वृत्तिं परवक्ष्यामि यच च तस्यॊपजीवनम अवश्य भरणीयॊ हि वर्णानां शूद्र उच्यते

tasya vṛttiṃ paravakṣyāmi yaca ca tasyòpajīvanama avaśya bharaṇīyò hi varṇānāṃ śūdra ucyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं प्रीतो भविष्यामि धर्मान् वक्ष्यामि चाखिलान्

English

I shall tell his livelihood and what he lives on: the Shudra is called one to be necessarily supported by the classes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.32

छत्रं वेष्टनम औशीरम उपानद वयजनानि च यातयामानि देयानि शूद्राय परिचारिणे

chatraṃ veṣṭanama auśīrama upānada vayajanāni ca yātayāmāni deyāni śūdrāya paricāriṇe

हिन्दी अर्थ

होगी और मैं सम्पूर्ण धर्मॉंका उपदेश कर सकूँगा

English

Umbrella, turban, usira, sandals and fans, used ones, are to be given to the serving Shudra.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.33

अधार्याणि विशीर्णानि वसनानि दविजातिभिः शूद्रायैव विधेयानि तस्य धर्मधनं हि तत

adhāryāṇi viśīrṇāni vasanāni davijātibhiḥ śūdrāyaiva vidheyāni tasya dharmadhanaṃ hi tata

हिन्दी अर्थ

अद्वृष्यन्नषय: सर्वे स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

Worn-out and torn garments of the twice-born are to be given to the Shudra; that is his wealth of dharma.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.34

यश च कश चिद दविजातीनां शूद्रः शुश्रूषुर आव्रजेत कल्प्यां तस्य तु तेनाहुर वृत्तिं धर्मविदॊ जनाः देयः पिण्डॊ ऽनपेताय भर्तव्यौ वृद्धदुर्बलौ

yaśa ca kaśa cida davijātīnāṃ śūdraḥ śuśrūṣura āvrajeta kalpyāṃ tasya tu tenāhura vṛttiṃ dharmavidò janāḥ deyaḥ piṇḍò 'napetāya bhartavyau vṛddhadurbalau

हिन्दी अर्थ

हर्षसे खिल उठे थे, वे ही पाण्डुपुत्र मुझसे प्रश्न करें

English

Any Shudra who comes to serve the twice-born, for him the knowers of dharma prescribe a livelihood; a morsel is to be given to him who has not left, and the aged and weak are to be supported.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.35

शूद्रेण च न हातव्यॊ भर्ता कस्यां चिद आपदि अतिरेकेण भर्तव्यॊ भर्ता दरव्यपरिक्षये न हि सवम अस्ति शूद्रस्य भर्तृहार्य धनॊ हय असौ

śūdreṇa ca na hātavyò bhartā kasyāṃ cida āpadi atirekeṇa bhartavyò bhartā daravyaparikṣaye na hi savama asti śūdrasya bhartṛhārya dhanò haya asau

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्य नास्ति सम:कश्रित् स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

A Shudra must not abandon his master in any calamity; he is to be supported even in excess when the master's wealth is lost; for a Shudra has no property of his own, his wealth being what the master takes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.36

उक्तस तरयाणां वर्णानां यज्ञस तरय्य एव भारत सवाहाकारनमः कारौ मन्त्रः शूद्रे विधीयते

uktasa tarayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ yajñasa tarayya eva bhārata savāhākāranamaḥ kārau mantraḥ śūdre vidhīyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्मिन्नोजश्न तेजश्व स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

Sacrifice is said to belong to the three classes only, Bharata; for the Shudra the mantras "Svaha" and "Namah" are prescribed.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.37

ताभ्यां शूद्रः पाकयज्ञैर यजेत वरतवान सवयम पूर्णपात्र मयीम आहुः पाकयज्ञस्य दक्षिणाम

tābhyāṃ śūdraḥ pākayajñaira yajeta varatavāna savayama pūrṇapātra mayīma āhuḥ pākayajñasya dakṣiṇāma

हिन्दी अर्थ

वे पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिर मुझसे प्रश्न करें

English

By those a Shudra, keeping vows, may sacrifice with the household sacrifice himself; the fee of a household sacrifice is called a vessel filled.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.38

शूद्रः पैजवनॊ नाम सहस्राणां शतं ददौ ऐन्द्राग्नेन विधानेन दक्षिणाम इति नः शरुतम

śūdraḥ paijavanò nāma sahasrāṇāṃ śataṃ dadau aindrāgnena vidhānena dakṣiṇāma iti naḥ śarutama

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्मानयति सत्कृत्य स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

We have heard that a Shudra named Paijavana gave a hundred thousand as fee by the Aindragna rite.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.39

अतॊ हि सर्ववर्णानां शरद्धा यज्ञॊ विधीयते दैवतं हि महच छरद्धा पवित्रं यजतां च यत

atò hi sarvavarṇānāṃ śaraddhā yajñò vidhīyate daivataṃ hi mahaca charaddhā pavitraṃ yajatāṃ ca yata

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्मान करते हैं, वे पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिर मुझसे प्रश्न करें

English

Therefore faith in sacrifice is prescribed for all classes; for faith is a great deity and the purifier of sacrificers.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.40

दैवतं परमं विप्राः सवेन सवेन परस्परम अयजन्न इह सत्रैस ते तैस तैः कामैः सनातनैः

daivataṃ paramaṃ viprāḥ savena savena parasparama ayajanna iha satraisa te taisa taiḥ kāmaiḥ sanātanaiḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

समस्त सद्गुण सदा मौजूद रहते हैं, वे पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिर मुझसे प्रश्न करें

English

Brahmanas, each with their own supreme deity, in this world sacrificed with sessions for these and those eternal desires.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.41

संसृष्टा बराह्मणैर एव तरिषु वर्णेषु सृष्टयः देवानाम अपि ये देवा यद बरूयुस ते परं हि तत तस्माद वर्णैः सर्वयज्ञाः संसृज्यन्ते न काम्यया

saṃsṛṣṭā barāhmaṇaira eva tariṣu varṇeṣu sṛṣṭayaḥ devānāma api ye devā yada barūyusa te paraṃ hi tata tasmāda varṇaiḥ sarvayajñāḥ saṃsṛjyante na kāmyayā

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुर्यादधर्म धर्मात्मा स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

Creations in the three classes are mixed by Brahmanas alone; what the gods among gods say is supreme; therefore sacrifices are performed by the classes together, not for desire.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.42

ऋग यजुः साम वित पूज्यॊ नित्यं सयाद देव वद दविजः अनृग यजुर असामा तु पराजापत्य उपद्रवः

ṛga yajuḥ sāma vita pūjyò nityaṃ sayāda deva vada davijaḥ anṛga yajura asāmā tu parājāpatya upadravaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो ददाति सतां नित्यं स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव:

English

A twice-born who knows the Rik, Yajus and Saman is ever to be honoured like a god; one without Rik, Yajus and Saman is an affliction of the Prajapati.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.43

यज्ञॊ मनीषया तात सर्ववर्णेषु भारत नास्य यज्ञहनॊ देवा ईहन्ते नेतरे जनाः तस्मात सर्वेषु वर्णेषु शरद्धा यज्ञॊ विधीयते

yajñò manīṣayā tāta sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata nāsya yajñahanò devā īhante netare janāḥ tasmāta sarveṣu varṇeṣu śaraddhā yajñò vidhīyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिशापभयाद् भीतो भवन्तं नोपसर्पति

English

Sacrifice is by thought, dear one, in all classes, Bharata; the gods do not strive against it nor do other people; therefore faith in sacrifice is prescribed for all classes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.44

सवं दैवतं बराह्मणाः सवेन नित्यं; परान वर्णान अयजन्न एवम आसीत आरॊचिता नः सुमहान स धर्मः; सृष्टॊ बरह्मणा तरिषु वर्णेषु दृष्टः

savaṃ daivataṃ barāhmaṇāḥ savena nityaṃ; parāna varṇāna ayajanna evama āsīta āròcitā naḥ sumahāna sa dharmaḥ; sṛṣṭò barahmaṇā tariṣu varṇeṣu dṛṣṭaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिशापभयादू् भीतो भवन्तं नोपसर्पति

English

The Brahmanas have their own deity and always sacrificed to the other classes thus; that great dharma, created by Brahma, was seen to please us in the three classes.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.45

तस्माद वर्णा ऋजवॊ जातिधर्माः; संसृज्यन्ते तस्य विपाक एषः एकं साम यजुर एकम ऋग एका; विप्रश चैकॊ ऽनिश्चयस तेषु दृष्टः

tasmāda varṇā ṛjavò jātidharmāḥ; saṃsṛjyante tasya vipāka eṣaḥ ekaṃ sāma yajura ekama ṛga ekā; vipraśa caikò 'niścayasa teṣu dṛṣṭaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

उठे हैं; इसीलिये आपके निकट नहीं आते हैं

English

Therefore the classes, upright, are joined in the dharmas of their births; this is its fruit: one Saman, one Yajus, one Rik, one Brahmana; no doubt was seen among them.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.46

अत्र गाथा यज्ञगीताः कीर्तयन्ति पुरा विदः वैखानसानां राजेन्द्र मुनीनां यष्टुम इच्छताम

atra gāthā yajñagītāḥ kīrtayanti purā vidaḥ vaikhānasānāṃ rājendra munīnāṃ yaṣṭuma icchatāma

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्घहिनिषुभिर्भित्त्वा भवन्तं नोपसर्पति

English

On this the ancients recite songs on sacrifice, of the Vaikhanasa sages who wished to sacrifice, king of kings:

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.47

उदिते ऽनुदिते वापि शरद्दधानॊ जितेन्द्रियः वह्निं जुहॊति धर्मेण शरद्धा वै कारणं महत

udite 'nudite vāpi śaraddadhānò jitendriyaḥ vahniṃ juhòti dharmeṇa śaraddhā vai kāraṇaṃ mahata

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रियाणां तथा कृष्ण समरे देहपातनम्

English

Whether the sun has risen or not, the faithful, with senses subdued, offers in the fire by dharma; faith is indeed the great cause.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.48

यत सकन्नम अस्य तत पूर्वं यद अस्कन्न्नं तद उत्तरम बहूनि यज्ञरूपाणि नाना कर्मफलानि च

yata sakannama asya tata pūrvaṃ yada askannnaṃ tada uttarama bahūni yajñarūpāṇi nānā karmaphalāni ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकार समरभूमिमें शत्रुओंके शरीरको मार गिराना क्षत्रियोंका धर्म है

English

What is spilled is the former, what is unspilled the latter; sacrifice has many forms and various fruits of works.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.49

तानि यः संविजानाति जञाननिश्चय निश्चितः दविजातिः शरद्धयॊपेतः स यष्टुं पुरुषॊ ऽरहति

tāni yaḥ saṃvijānāti jañānaniścaya niścitaḥ davijātiḥ śaraddhayòpetaḥ sa yaṣṭuṃ puruṣò 'rahati

हिन्दी अर्थ

मिथ्याप्रवृत्तान् यः संख्ये निहन्याद् धर्म एव सः

English

The twice-born who knows these, established by certainty of knowledge, endowed with faith, is fit to sacrifice.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.50

सतेनॊ वा यदि वा पापॊ यदि वा पापकृत तमः यष्टुम इच्छति यज्ञं यः साधुम एव वदन्ति तम

satenò vā yadi vā pāpò yadi vā pāpakṛta tamaḥ yaṣṭuma icchati yajñaṃ yaḥ sādhuma eva vadanti tama

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी समराड्रणमें वध कर डालता है, वह अवश्य ही धर्मका ज्ञाता है

English

Whether a thief or a sinner or the greatest of sinners, he who wishes to sacrifice a sacrifice, they call him good.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.51

ऋषयस तं परशंसन्ति साधु चैतद असंशयम सर्वथा सर्ववर्णैर हि यष्टव्यम इति निश्चयः न हि यज्ञसमं किं चित तरिषु लॊकेषु विद्यते

ṛṣayasa taṃ paraśaṃsanti sādhu caitada asaṃśayama sarvathā sarvavarṇaira hi yaṣṭavyama iti niścayaḥ na hi yajñasamaṃ kiṃ cita tariṣu lòkeṣu vidyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

समरभूमिमें मार गिराता है, वह निश्चय ही धर्मज्ञ है

English

The sages praise him, and that is surely good; in every way sacrifice is to be performed by all classes, so it is settled; for there is nothing equal to sacrifice in the three worlds.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 60.52

तस्माद यष्टव्यम इत्य आहुः पुरुषेणानसूयता शरद्धा पवित्रम आश्रित्य यथाशक्ति परयच्छता

tasmāda yaṣṭavyama itya āhuḥ puruṣeṇānasūyatā śaraddhā pavitrama āśritya yathāśakti parayacchatā

हिन्दी अर्थ

महीं करोति युद्धेषु क्षत्रियो यः स धर्मवित्

English

Therefore they say it should be performed by a man without envy, relying on faith as purifier, giving according to ability."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.1

[भीस्म] आश्रमाणां महाबाहॊ शृणु सत्यपराक्रम चतुर्णाम इह वर्णानां कर्माणि च युधिष्ठिर

[bhīsma] āśramāṇāṃ mahābāhò śṛṇu satyaparākrama caturṇāma iha varṇānāṃ karmāṇi ca yudhiṣṭhira

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रसन्न किया और उनका मस्तक सूँघकर कहा--'“बेटा! बैठ जाओ”

English

It behoveth thee also to see this. He that desires wealth finds it very difficult to abandon that which should by every means be abandoned. Good deeds are very rare in those that amass riches. It is said that wealth can never be acquired without injuring others, and that, when earned, it brings numerous troubles. A person of narrow heart, setting at naught the fear of repentance, commits acts of aggression towards others, tempted by even a little wealth, unconscious all the while of the sin of Brahmanicide that he incurs by his acts. Obtaining wealth which is so difficult of acquisition, one burns with grief if one has to give a portion of it to one's servants,— with grief, that is, which is equal to what one would feet if one is actually robbed by depredators. If, on the other hand, one does not part with one's wealth, obloquy becomes one's share. One, however, that has no wealth, never becomes the subject of censure. Withdrawn from all attachments, such a person can become happy in all respects by supporting life upon what little he may obtain as alms. No one, however, can be happy by the acquisition of wealth. In this connection certain verses relating to sacrifices are recited by persons conversant with ancient scriptures. Wealth was created by the Creator for the sake of sacrifices, and man was created by him for protecting that wealth and performing sacrifices. For this, all wealth should be applied to sacrifices. It is not proper that it should be spent for the gratification of desire of enjoyment. The Creator then confers wealth upon mortals for the sake of sacrifices. Know this, O son of Kunti, thou that art the foremost of all wealthy persons! It is for this that the wise think that wealth, without doubt, is nobody's on earth. One should perform sacrifices with it and give it away with a trustful heart. One should spend (in gift) what one has acquired, and not waste or spend it in gratifying one's desire of enjoyment. What use is there in amassing wealth when such proper objects exist in which to spend it? Those persons of little understanding that give away (wealth) unto men that have swerved from the duties of their order, have to subsist hereafter for a hundred years on ordure and dirt. That men give unto the undeserving and refrain from giving unto the deserving is due to inability to discriminate between the deserving and the undeserving. For this reason the practice of even the virtue of charity is difficult. These are the two faults connected with wealth even when acquired, viz., gift to an undeserving person and abstaining from giving unto him that is deserving.'"

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.2

वानप्रस्थं भैक्ष चर्यां गार्हस्थ्यं च महाश्रमम बरह्मचर्याश्रमं पराहुश चतुर्थं बराह्मणैर वृतम

vānaprasthaṃ bhaikṣa caryāṃ gārhasthyaṃ ca mahāśramama barahmacaryāśramaṃ parāhuśa caturthaṃ barāhmaṇaira vṛtama

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्रूहि भरतश्रेष्ठ त्वं हि धर्मभूतां वर:

English

"The forest-dweller, the life of alms, the householder's great stage, and the celibate student's stage are called the fourth, chosen by Brahmanas.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.3

जटा करण संस्कारं दविजातित्वम अवाप्य च आधानादीनि कर्माणि पराप्य वेदम अधीत्य च

jaṭā karaṇa saṃskāraṃ davijātitvama avāpya ca ādhānādīni karmāṇi parāpya vedama adhītya ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणेभ्यो नमस्कृत्य धर्मान् वक्ष्यामि शाश्वतान्

English

Having obtained twice-born status by the rite of matted hair, having performed rites beginning with the installation of fires and studied the Veda,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.4

सदारॊ वाप्य अदारॊ वा आत्मवान संयतेन्द्रियः वानप्रस्थाश्रमं गच्छेत कृतकृत्यॊ गृहाश्रमात

sadārò vāpya adārò vā ātmavāna saṃyatendriyaḥ vānaprasthāśramaṃ gaccheta kṛtakṛtyò gṛhāśramāta

हिन्दी अर्थ

निरुच्यमानान् नियतो यच्चान्यदपि वाउ्छसि

English

with wife or without, self-possessed, with senses restrained, having done his task, let him go from the householder's stage to the forest stage.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.5

तत्रारण्यक शास्त्राणि समधीत्य स धर्मवित ऊर्ध्वरेताः परजायित्वा गच्छत्य अक्षरसात्मताम

tatrāraṇyaka śāstrāṇi samadhītya sa dharmavita ūrdhvaretāḥ parajāyitvā gacchatya akṣarasātmatāma

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा और भी जो कुछ सुनना चाहते हो, उसका श्रवण करो

English

There, having studied the forest scriptures, the knower of dharma, a celibate, having begotten offspring, goes to union with the imperishable.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.6

एतान्य एव निमित्तानि मुनीनाम ऊर्ध्वरेतसाम कर्तव्यानीह विप्रेण राजन्न आदौ विपश्चिता

etānya eva nimittāni munīnāma ūrdhvaretasāma kartavyānīha vipreṇa rājanna ādau vipaścitā

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवताओंका विधिपूर्वक पूजन तथा ब्राह्मणोंका आदर-सत्कार करे)

English

These very rites of sages who are celibate are to be done here by a wise Brahmana first, O king.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.7

चरितब्रह्म चर्यस्य बराह्मणस्य विशां पते भैक्ष चर्यास्व अधीकारः परशस्त इह मॊक्षिणः

caritabrahma caryasya barāhmaṇasya viśāṃ pate bhaikṣa caryāsva adhīkāraḥ paraśasta iha mòkṣiṇaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

आनृण्यं याति धर्मस्य लोकेन च समर्च्यते

English

For a Brahmana who has practised celibacy, authority over the life of alms is praised here for one seeking liberation.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.8

यत्रास्तमित शायी सयान निरग्निर अनिकेतनः यथॊपलब्ध जीवी सयान मुनिर दान्तॊ जितेन्द्रियः

yatrāstamita śāyī sayāna niragnira aniketanaḥ yathòpalabdha jīvī sayāna munira dāntò jitendriyaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

है और सारा जगत् उसका सम्मान करता है

English

Where he sleeps when the sun sets, without fire, without home, living on what he gets, a sage, self-controlled, with senses subdued,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.9

निराशीः सयात सर्वसमॊ निर्भॊगॊ निर्विकार वान विप्रः कषेमाश्रमप्राप्तॊ गच्छत्य अक्षरसात्मताम

nirāśīḥ sayāta sarvasamò nirbhògò nirvikāra vāna vipraḥ kaṣemāśramaprāptò gacchatya akṣarasātmatāma

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हात्थानमृते हैवं राज्ञामर्थ प्रसादयेत्

English

without hope, equal to all, enjoying nothing, unchanging, the Brahmana, having reached the stage of security, goes to union with the imperishable.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.10

अधीत्य वेदान कृतसर्वकृत्यः; संतानम उत्पाद्य सुखानि भुक्त्वा समाहितः परचरेद दुश्चरं तं; गार्हस्थ्य धर्मं मुनिधर्मदृष्टम

adhītya vedāna kṛtasarvakṛtyaḥ; saṃtānama utpādya sukhāni bhuktvā samāhitaḥ paracareda duścaraṃ taṃ; gārhasthya dharmaṃ munidharmadṛṣṭama

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुमान्य गुरून् सर्वान् पर्यपृच्छद् युधिछिर:

English

framed according to the opinion of persons possessed of such knowledge.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.11

सवदारतुष्ट ऋतुकालगामी; नियॊग सेवी न शठॊ न जिह्मः मिताशनॊ देव परः कृतज्ञः; सत्यॊ मृदुश चानृशंसः कषमा वान

savadāratuṣṭa ṛtukālagāmī; niyòga sevī na śaṭhò na jihmaḥ mitāśanò deva paraḥ kṛtajñaḥ; satyò mṛduśa cānṛśaṃsaḥ kaṣamā vāna

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके युधिष्ठिरने समस्त गुरुजनोंकी अनुमति ले इस प्रकार प्रश्न किया

English

performance of sacrifices than to covet it for performing sacrifices. A poor man will act better by not performing sacrifices at all than by performing them with wealth acquired by the usual means.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.12

दान्तॊ विधेयॊ हव्यकव्ये ऽपरमत्तॊ; अन्नस्य दाता सततं दविजेभ्यः अमत्सरी सर्वलिङ्गि परदाता; वैतान नित्यश च गृहाश्रमी सयात

dāntò vidheyò havyakavye 'paramattò; annasya dātā satataṃ davijebhyaḥ amatsarī sarvaliṅgi paradātā; vaitāna nityaśa ca gṛhāśramī sayāta

हिन्दी अर्थ

महान्तमेतं भारं च मन्ये तद् ब्रूहि पार्थिव

English

Self-controlled, attentive in oblations to gods and ancestors, ever a giver of food to the twice-born, free of envy, a giver of all signs, and with the three fires, he should be a householder.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.13

अथात्र नारायण गीतम आहुर; महर्षयस तात महानुभावाः महार्थम अत्य अर्थतपः परयुक्तं; तद उच्यमानं हि मया निबॊध

athātra nārāyaṇa gītama āhura; maharṣayasa tāta mahānubhāvāḥ mahārthama atya arthatapaḥ parayuktaṃ; tada ucyamānaṃ hi mayā nibòdha

हिन्दी अर्थ

विशेषरूपसे वर्णन कीजिये

English

On this the great sages, of great power, recite a song of Narayana, of great meaning, joined to excess austerity; hear it as I tell it:

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.14

सत्यार्जवं चातिथि पूजनं च; धर्मस तथार्थश चरतिश च दारे निषेवितव्यानि सुखानि लॊके; हय अस्मिन परे चैव मतं ममैतत

satyārjavaṃ cātithi pūjanaṃ ca; dharmasa tathārthaśa caratiśa ca dāre niṣevitavyāni sukhāni lòke; haya asmina pare caiva mataṃ mamaitata

हिन्दी अर्थ

मोक्षधर्मक्ष विस्पष्ट: सकलोत्र समाहित:

English

Truth and uprightness, honouring guests, dharma, wealth and delight in one's wife: these pleasures are to be pursued in the world, here and hereafter—this is my view.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.15

भरणं पुत्रदाराणां वेदानां पारणं तथा सतां तम आश्रमश्रेष्ठं वदन्ति परमर्षयः

bharaṇaṃ putradārāṇāṃ vedānāṃ pāraṇaṃ tathā satāṃ tama āśramaśreṣṭhaṃ vadanti paramarṣayaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि सम्पूर्ण मोक्षधर्म भी राजधर्ममें निहित है

English

Supporting sons and wives and completing the Vedas: the great sages call this the best stage of the good.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.16

एवं हि यॊ बराह्मणॊ यज्ञशीलॊ; गार्हस्थ्यम अध्यावसते यथा वत गृहस्थ वृत्तिं परविशॊध्य सम्यक; सवर्गे विषुद्धं फलम आप्नुते सः

evaṃ hi yò barāhmaṇò yajñaśīlò; gārhasthyama adhyāvasate yathā vata gṛhastha vṛttiṃ paraviśòdhya samyaka; savarge viṣuddhaṃ phalama āpnute saḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

नरेन्द्रधर्मो लोकस्य तथा प्रग्रहणं स्मृतम्

English

A Brahmana who, devoted to sacrifice, dwells in the householder's life as it should be, having rightly purified the householder's livelihood, gains a pure fruit in heaven.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.17

तस्य देहपरित्यागाद इष्टाः कामाक्षया मताः आनन्त्यायॊपतिष्ठन्ति सर्वतॊ ऽकषिशिरॊमुखाः

tasya dehaparityāgāda iṣṭāḥ kāmākṣayā matāḥ ānantyāyòpatiṣṭhanti sarvatò 'kaṣiśiròmukhāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोकस्य संस्था न भवेत् सर्व च व्याकुलीभवेत्

English

After he leaves the body, his desires, held to be inexhaustible, attend him endlessly, with eyes, heads and mouths on every side.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.18

खादन्न एकॊ जपन्न एकः सर्पन्न एकॊ युधिष्ठिर एकस्मिन्न एव आचार्ये शुश्रूषुर मलपङ्कवान

khādanna ekò japanna ekaḥ sarpanna ekò yudhiṣṭhira ekasminna eva ācārye śuśrūṣura malapaṅkavāna

हिन्दी अर्थ

संसारकी व्यवस्था ही बिगड़ जाय और सब लोग दुखी हो जाये

English

Eating alone, reciting alone, going alone, Yudhishthira, serving a single teacher, with dirt and mud on him,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.19

बरह्म चारी वरती नित्यं नित्यं दीक्षा परॊ वशी अविचार्य तथा वेदं कृत्यं कुर्वन वसेत सदा

barahma cārī varatī nityaṃ nityaṃ dīkṣā parò vaśī avicārya tathā vedaṃ kṛtyaṃ kurvana vaseta sadā

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजधर्मास्तथालोक्यां निक्षिपन्त्यशुभां गतिम्

English

the celibate student, keeping vows, ever initiated, self-controlled, doing his duty without questioning the Veda, should always dwell.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.20

शुश्रूषां सततं कुर्वन गुरॊः संप्रणमेत च षट कर्मस्व अनिवृत्तश च न परवृत्तश च सर्वशः

śuśrūṣāṃ satataṃ kurvana guròḥ saṃpraṇameta ca ṣaṭa karmasva anivṛttaśa ca na paravṛttaśa ca sarvaśaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि आप धर्मात्माओंमें श्रेष्ठ हैं

English

Constantly serving his teacher and bowing to him, not abstaining from the six duties yet not engaged in them everywhere,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 61.21

न चरत्य अधिकारेण सेवितं दविषतॊ न च एषॊ ऽऽशरमपदस तात बरह्मचारिण इष्यते

na caratya adhikāreṇa sevitaṃ daviṣatò na ca eṣò ''śaramapadasa tāta barahmacāriṇa iṣyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवन्तं हि परं बुद्धौ वासुदेवो5भिमन्यते

English

he does not act by authority, nor serve his enemy; this, dear one, is held to be the stage of the celibate student."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.1

[युधिस्ठिर] शिवान सुखान महॊदर्कान अहिंस्राँल लॊकसंमतान बरूहि धर्मान सुखॊपायान मद्विधानां सुखावहान

[yudhisṭhira] śivāna sukhāna mahòdarkāna ahiṃsrā~la lòkasaṃmatāna barūhi dharmāna sukhòpāyāna madvidhānāṃ sukhāvahāna

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रारब्ध राजाओंका प्रयोजन नहीं सिद्ध कर सकता

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'In consequence of the fall Abhimanyu of tender years, of the sons of Draupadi, of Dhrishtadyumna, of Virata, of king Drupada, of Vasusena conversant with every duty, of the royal Dhrishtaketu, and of diverse other kings hailing from diverse regions, in battle, grief does not forsake my wretched self that am a slayer of kinsmen. Indeed, I am inordinately covetous of kingdom and am an exterminator of my own race. He upon whose breast and limbs I used to roll in sport, alas, that Ganga's son has been slain by me in battle through lust of sovereignty. When I beheld that lion among men, viz., our grandsire, assailed by Sikhandin and trembling and reeling in consequence of Partha's shafts that resembled thunder-bolts in energy, when I beheld his tall form pierced all over with blazing arrows and himself become weak like an aged lion, my heart was deeply pained. When I beheld that afflictor of hostile cars reel like a mountain summit and fall down strengthless on the terrace of his own vehicle with his face turned towards the east, my senses were stupefied. That scion of Kuru's race who with bow and shaft in hand had contended in fierce battle for many days with Rama himself of Bhrigu's line on the field sanctified by Kuru, that son of Ganga, that hero, who, at Baranasi, for the sake of brides, had, on a single car, challenged to battle the assembled Kshatriyas of the world, he who had burnt by the energy of his weapons that irresistible and foremost of kings, viz., Ugrayudha, alas, that hero has been caused by me to be slain in battle. Knowing full well that Sikhandin the prince of Panchala was his destroyer, that hero still refrained from slaying the prince with his shafts. Alas, such a magnanimous warrior was slain by Arjuna. O best of sages, at that moment when I beheld the grandsire stretched on the earth and covered with blood, a violent fever afflicted my heart. He who had protected and reared us when we were children, alas, he was caused to be slain by my sinful self that am covetous of kingdom, that am a slayer of reverend seniors, and a perfect fool, for the sake of sovereignty that would last but a few days. Our preceptor, the great archer Drona, adored by all the kings, was approached by me and addressed falsely in respect of his son. The memory of that act of mine is burning all my limbs. The preceptor said unto me, 'Tell me truly, O king, whether my son liveth still. Expecting truth from me, the Brahmana asked me of all others. By silently uttering the word elephant, I behaved falsely towards him. Sinful that I am exceedingly covetous of kingdom, and a slayer of my reverend seniors, I behaved even thus towards my preceptor in battle, throwing off the garb of truth (which I was believed to wear), for I said unto him that Aswatthaman had been killed when, in fact, an elephant of that name had been slain. To what regions shall I go (thereafter), having perpetrated such infamous deeds? I caused also my eldest brother Kama to be slain, that terrible warrior who never retreated from battle. Who is there more sinful than I? Through covetousness I caused Abhimanyu of tender years, that hero who resembled a lion born in the hills, to penetrate into the array that was protected by Drona

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.2

बराह्मणस्येह चत्वार आश्रमा विहिताः परभॊ वर्णास तान अनुवर्तन्ते तरयॊ भरतसत्तम

barāhmaṇasyeha catvāra āśramā vihitāḥ parabhò varṇāsa tāna anuvartante tarayò bharatasattama

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा इहलोक और परलोकमें भी सुख पाता है

English

"Four stages of life are prescribed for a Brahmana, lord; the three classes follow them, best of the Bharatas.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.3

उक्तानि कर्माणि बहूनि राजन; सवर्ग्याणि राजन्य परायणानि नेमानि दृष्टान्त विधौ समृतानि; कषात्रे हि सर्वं विहितं यथा वत

uktāni karmāṇi bahūni rājana; savargyāṇi rājanya parāyaṇāni nemāni dṛṣṭānta vidhau samṛtāni; kaṣātre hi sarvaṃ vihitaṃ yathā vata

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा राज्ञां परं सत्यान्नान्यद् विश्वासकारणम्

English

Many duties have been told, O king, leading to heaven, O kshatriya; these are not remembered in the rule of example; in the kshatriya dharma everything is prescribed fully.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.4

कषात्राणि वैश्यानि च सेवमानः; शौद्राणि कर्माणि च बराह्मणः सन अस्मिँल लॊके निन्दितॊ मन्दचेताः; परे च लॊके निरयं परयाति

kaṣātrāṇi vaiśyāni ca sevamānaḥ; śaudrāṇi karmāṇi ca barāhmaṇaḥ sana asmi~la lòke ninditò mandacetāḥ; pare ca lòke nirayaṃ parayāti

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुदर्श: स्थूललक्ष्यश्न न भ्रश्येत सदा श्रिय:

English

A Brahmana who follows kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra works is blamed in this world, dull-minded, and goes to hell in the next.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.5

या संज्ञा विहिता लॊके दासे शुनि वृके पशौ विकर्मणि सथिते विप्रे तां संज्ञां कुरु पाण्डव

yā saṃjñā vihitā lòke dāse śuni vṛke paśau vikarmaṇi sathite vipre tāṃ saṃjñāṃ kuru pāṇḍava

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुनर्नयविचारेण त्रयीसंवरणेन च

English

The designation prescribed in the world for a slave, a dog, a wolf and an animal, apply to a Brahmana who remains in wrong deeds, Pandava.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.6

षट कर्म संप्रवृत्तस्य आश्रमेषु चतुर्ष्व अपि सर्वधर्मॊपपन्नस्य संभूतस्य कृतात्मनः

ṣaṭa karma saṃpravṛttasya āśrameṣu caturṣva api sarvadharmòpapannasya saṃbhūtasya kṛtātmanaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

तीक्ष्णाच्चोद्विजते लोकस्तस्मादुभयमाश्रय

English

For a Brahmana engaged in the six duties in all four stages, endowed with all dharmas, well born and self-controlled,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.7

बराह्मणस्य विशुद्धस्य तपस्य अभिरतस्य च निराशिषॊ वदान्यस्य लॊका हय अक्षरसंज्ञिताः

barāhmaṇasya viśuddhasya tapasya abhiratasya ca nirāśiṣò vadānyasya lòkā haya akṣarasaṃjñitāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूतमेतत् परं लोके ब्राह्मणो नाम पाण्डव

English

purified, delighting in austerity, free of hope and generous, the worlds are called imperishable.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.8

यॊ यस्मिन कुरुते कर्म यादृशं येन यत्र च तादृशं तादृशेनैव स गुणं परतिपद्यते

yò yasmina kurute karma yādṛśaṃ yena yatra ca tādṛśaṃ tādṛśenaiva sa guṇaṃ paratipadyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मेषु स्वेषु कौरव्य हृदि तौ कर्तुमहसि

English

Whoever does what work, of what kind, with what and where, in just such a way does he obtain the corresponding quality.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.9

वृद्ध्या कृषिवणिक्त्वेन जीव संजीवनेन च वेत्तुम अर्हसि राजेन्द्र सवाध्यायगणितं महत

vṛddhyā kṛṣivaṇiktvena jīva saṃjīvanena ca vettuma arhasi rājendra savādhyāyagaṇitaṃ mahata

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन दोनोंको अपने हृदयमें धारण करो

English

You ought to know, king of kings, the great (matters of) increase, agriculture, trade, livelihood, Vedic study and calculation.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.10

कालसंचॊदितः कालः कालपर्याय निश्चितः उत्तमाधममध्यानि कर्माणि कुरुते ऽवशः

kālasaṃcòditaḥ kālaḥ kālaparyāya niścitaḥ uttamādhamamadhyāni karmāṇi kurute 'vaśaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

घटस्वैव सदा55त्मानं राज्ञामेष परो नय:

English

Time, urged by Time, fixed in the turn of Time, helplessly performs works high, low and middle.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 62.11

अन्तवन्ति परदानानि पुरा शरेयः कराणि च सवकर्मनिरतॊ लॊकॊ हय अक्षरः सर्वतॊ मुखः

antavanti paradānāni purā śareyaḥ karāṇi ca savakarmaniratò lòkò haya akṣaraḥ sarvatò mukhaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्ये हि राजा निरत: प्रेत्य चेह च नन्दति

English

Gifts end, and the things that bring good in the past; the world, devoted to its own deeds, is imperishable and many-faced."

स्रोत: bhavykhatri/DharmicData · प्राप्त 1/6/2026

शास्त्रीय प्रामाणिकता एवं पारदर्शकताSources & Interpretation

स्रोत, संस्करण एवं व्याख्या वर्गीकरण

धर्म ग्रंथ पर मूल शास्त्र, पारंपरिक भाष्य और आधुनिक व्याख्या को पूर्णतः पृथक रखा जाता है ताकि पाठक को किसी भी व्याख्या के शास्त्र होने का भ्रम न हो।

सामग्री वर्गीकरण संकेत (Epistemic Content Labels)

6 स्तरिय प्रमाण व्यवस्था
मूल पाठOriginal text

अपौरुषेय / प्रामाणिक शास्त्र (Primary Canonical Scripture)

मूल संस्कृत, प्राकृत अथवा अवधी श्लोक/मंत्र। यह सर्वोच्च प्रमाण (प्रस्थान) है। इस पाठ में किसी भी आधुनिक व्याख्याकार का हस्तक्षेप नहीं है।

शाब्दिक अनुवादLiteral translation

पदार्थ व अन्वय (Direct Grammatical & Word-for-Word Meaning)

व्याकरणसम्मत प्रत्यक्ष शब्दार्थ (अन्वय)। बिना किसी दार्शनिक संप्रदाय के पूर्वाग्रह के, संस्कृत शब्दों का सटीक भाषांतर।

पारंपरिक भाष्यTraditional commentary

आचार्य परंपरा व टीका (Classical Lineage Commentary)

प्राचीन आचार्य परंपरा (यथा शंकराचार्य, रामानुजाचार्य, मध्वाचार्य, श्रीधर स्वामी) द्वारा विरचित शास्त्रीय भाष्य व टीकाएं।

सरल व्याख्याSimple explanation

भावार्थ व सुबोध प्रबोधन (Accessible Pedagogical Exposition)

आधुनिक जिज्ञासुओं के लिए सरल भाषा में भावार्थ। यह मूल मंत्र नहीं, बल्कि पाठ को सुगम बनाने हेतु संपादकीय व्याख्या है।

आधुनिक चिंतनModern reflection

समसामयिक विमर्श व अनुप्रयोग (Contemporary Application & Analysis)

दार्शनिक, मनोवैज्ञानिक व वैज्ञानिक समरूपताओं पर आधुनिक चिंतन। यह मूल शास्त्र का अंग नहीं है और इसे शास्त्रोक्त सिद्धांत के रूप में नहीं देखा जाना चाहिए।

शोध टिप्पणीResearch note

पांडुलिपि एवं ऐतिहासिक शोध (Critical Apparatus & Manuscript Research)

पांडुलिपि विविधताएं, पाठ-भेद (variant readings), छंद रचना, और ऐतिहासिक व तुलनात्मक भाषावैज्ञानिक शोध। यह शास्त्र का मूल संदेश बदलने हेतु नहीं, बल्कि पाठ की प्रामाणिकता परखने के लिए है।