Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

भीतर कैसे चल आये?

English

from wrath or clouded judgment, then expiation should be performed by giving pain to the body, guided by precedent, by scriptures, and by reason. When anything, again, is done for pleasing or displeasing the mind, the sin arising therefrom may be cleansed by sanctified food and recitation of mantras. The king who lays aside (in a particular case) the rod of chastisement, should fast for one night. The priest who (in a particular case) abstains from advising the king to inflict punishment, should fast for three nights as an expiation. The person who, from grief, attempts to commit suicide by means of weapons, should fast for three nights. There is no expiation for them that cast off the duties and practices of their order and class, country, and family, and that abandon their very creed. When an occasion for doubt respecting what should be done arises, that should be regarded as the injunction of the scriptures which ten persons versed in Vedic scriptures or three of those that frequently recite them may declare. 2 The bull, earth, little ants, worms generated in dirt, and poison, should not be eaten by Brahmanas. They should not also eat fishes that have no scales, and four-footed aquatic animals like frogs and others, except the tortoise. Water-fowls called Bhasas, ducks, Suparnas, Chakravakas, diving ducks, cranes, crows, shags, vultures, hawks, owls, as also all four-footed animals that are carnivorous and that have sharp and long teeth, and birds, and animals having two teeth and those having four teeth, as also the milk of the sheep, the she- ass, the she-camel, the newly-calved cow, woman and deer, should not be taken by a Brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशीरेषां भवेद् राजन् राज्ञां सम्यकृप्रवर्तताम्

English

"As a washerman who does not know how to remove the dirt from garments or cleanse coloured ones is as if he did not exist,

हिन्दी अर्थ

धेनुर्यज्ञश्न सोमश्न न विक्रेया: कथंचन

English

so it is with the best of the twice-born, kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras; the four classes abide in their various works."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा वर्णा यथाधर्म निविशेयु: कथंचन

English

"Work is for the Shudra, agriculture for the Vaishya, the rod-policy for the king; celibacy, austerity, mantras and truth among the twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनाशनाम्न्योर्विशतां शूरा यान्ति परां गतिम्

English

The kshatriya among them who knows how to remove faults of character, as cleansing garments, is father and Prajapati.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्प्रमूढेषु वर्णेषु यद्यन्योडभि भवेद् बली

English

The Krita, Treta, Dvapara and Kali ages, bull of the Bharatas—of all the conduct of kings, the king alone is called the age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दस्युभ्यो5थ प्रजा रक्षेद् दण्डं धर्मेण धारयन्

English

The four classes, the Vedas and the four stages of life are all confused when a king is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माच्छस्त्रं ग्रहीतव्यमन्यत्र क्षत्रबन्धुत:

English

The king alone is the maker of beings and the king alone their destroyer; he who is righteous-souled is the maker and the unrighteous-souled the destroyer.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शूद्रो वा यदि वाप्यन्य: सर्वथा मानमर्हति

English

The king's wives, sons, relatives and friends all together grieve when the king is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वामी सर्वस्य राष्ट्रस्य धीमान् मम पुरोहित:

English

Besides this, the food that has been offered to the man, that which has been cooked by a woman who has recently brought forth a child, and food cooked by an unknown person, should not be eaten. The milk also of a cow that has recently calved should not be taken. If a Brahmana takes food that has been cooked by a Kshatriya, it diminishes his energy; if he takes the food provided by a Sudra, it dims his Brahmanic lustre; and if he takes the food provided by a goldsmith or a woman who has neither husband nor children it lessens the period of his life. The food provided by a usurer is equivalent to dirt, while that provided by a woman living by prostitution is equivalent to semen. The food also provided by persons that tolerate the unchastity of their wives, and by persons that are ruled by their spouses, is forbidden. The food provided by a person selected (for receiving gifts) at a certain stage of a sacrifice, by one who does not enjoy his wealth or make any gifts, that provided by one who sells Soma, or one who is a shoe-maker, by an unchaste woman, by a washerman, by a physician, by persons serving as watchmen, by a multitude of persons, by one who is pointed at by a whole village, by one deriving his support from keep of dancing girls, by persons wedding before their elder brothers are wedded, by professional panegyrists and bards, and by those that are gamblers, the food also which is brought with the left hand or which is stale, the food which is mixed with alcohol, the food a portion of which has been already tasted, and the food that forms the remnant of a feast, should not be taken (by a Brahmana). Cakes, sugarcanes, potherbs, and rice boiled in sugared milk, if they have lost their relish, should not be taken. The powder of fried barley and of other kinds of fried grain, mixed with curds, if become stale with age, should not be taken. Rice boiled in sugared milk, food mixed with the tila seed, meat, and cakes, that have not been dedicated to the gods, should not be taken by Brahmanas leading a domestic mode of life, Having first gratified the gods, Rishis, guests, Pitris, and the household deities, a Brahmana leading a domestic mode of life should then take his food. A householder by living thus in his own house becomes like a person of the Bhikshu order that has renounced the world. A man of such behaviour, living with his wives in domesticity, earns great religious merit. No one should make a gift

हिन्दी अर्थ

न मे भयं विद्यते राक्षसेभ्य:

English

Strength was created by the Creator for the weak, Mandhata; that great being, the weak, in which everything is established, is so called.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मार्थ युध्यमानस्य मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Whatever being there is, it serves; beings and those who follow them; when a king is unrighteous, all sink, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शस्त्रोंसे घायल न हुआ हो, तथापि तुम मेरे भीतर कैसे घुस आये?

English

The eye of the weak and of a sage, like a venomous serpent, I consider unbearable; do not approach the weak.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशासते जना राष्ट्र मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Know the weak, dear one, always as the slighted; let the eyes of the weak not burn you with your kin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहते हैं, तो भी तुम मेरे शरीरके भीतर कैसे घुस आये?

English

In the family of one burned by the weak nothing sprouts; it is burned to the root; do not approach the weak.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् प्राप्रुहि कैकेय गृहं स्वस्ति व्रजाम्पहम्

English

The weak is better than the strong; the strength that is very strong, of one burned by the weak, leaves nothing remaining.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घरको जाओ । तुम्हारा कल्याण हो। मैं अब जाता हूँ

English

Slighted, struck, crying out, if he finds no protector, the superhuman-made rod slays the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न रक्षोभ्यो भयं तेषां कुत एव तु पावकात्

English

Do not rest on strength, dear one, nor harass the weak; let the eyes of the weak not burn you like fire a house.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतिथिप्रियास्तथा पौरास्ते वै स्वर्गजितो नूपा:

English

The tears of the falsely accused as they weep fall and kill sons and cattle of those who falsely rule them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशीर्वाद प्राप्त होता है

English

If not on himself, then on sons, if not on sons then on grandsons and sons' sons; a sin committed does not bear fruit at once, like a cow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नियम्या: संविभज्याश्न तदनुग्रहकारणात्

English

Where a weak man being slain finds no protector, there a great fate-made dreadful rod falls.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुभूयेह भद्राणि प्राप्रोतीन्द्रसलोकताम्

English

When officials seek alms from the country like Brahmanas, such men kill the king by the fault of begging again and again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं स्विद् वैश्यधर्मेण संजीवेद् ब्राह्मणो न वा

English

When many king's men in the king's domain act unjustly, that is a great sin of the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तरह वैश्य-धर्मसे भी जीवन-निर्वाह कर सकता है या नहीं?

English

When officials take things out of desire or under the sway of wealth from those piteously begging, that is a great slaughter by the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृषिगोरक्ष्यमास्थाय व्यसने वृत्तिसंक्षये

English

A great tree is born and grows, and beings rest on it; when the tree is cut or burned, those who rested on it become homeless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणो वैश्यधर्मेण वर्तयन् भरतर्षभ

English

When in the kingdom they practise the highest dharma, or speak of refinement or the king's qualities, and by them adharma is practised through confusion of dharma, one should quickly give up both good and bad deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वर्गलोककी प्राप्तिके अधिकारसे वज्चित नहीं होगा

English

Where sinners flourish and go about, there the strife of the good finds the king; when the king rules men who will perish, the king's land does not prosper, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृषभान् मधुमांसं च कृतान्नं च युधिष्ठिर

English

The king who honours his minister duly and employs him in counsel and war prospers; his kingdom flourishes and he enjoys the whole earth long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतेषां विक्रयात् तात ब्राह्मणो नरकं व्रजेत्

English

Considering here well-done deeds and well-spoken speech, honouring them, the king attains unsurpassed dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लिया जाय तो इसमें किसी प्रकार भी अधर्म नहीं होता

English

When he enjoys after sharing, does not scorn others, and slays the proud strong, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यवहारप्रवृत्तानां तन्निबोध युधिषछ्िर

English

When he protects all by speech, body and deed, and does not tolerate even his son's wrongs, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुआ धर्म जैसा है, वैसा मैं तुम्हें बतला रहा हूँ सुनो

English

When the king guards those seeking refuge like a son and does not break the boundary, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रुचितो वर्तते धर्मो न बलात् सम्प्रवर्तते

English

When, endowed with faith, he sacrifices with sacrifices with proper fees, disregarding desire and aversion, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषीणामितरेषां च साधु चैतदसंशयम्

English

When he wipes the tears of the wretched, helpless and aged, creating joy in men, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्युत्क्रामन्ति स्वधर्मेभ्य: क्षत्रस्य क्षीयते बलम्

English

He increases friends, draws away enemies and honours the good; that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतन्मे संशयं ब्रूहि विस्तरेण नराधिप

English

He maintains truth, always gives land by right, honours guests and servants: that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणप्रमुखा वर्णा: क्षेममिच्छेयुरात्मन:

English

Where both restraint and favour are established, the king gains the fruit of that in this world and the next.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञो बल॑ वर्धयेयुर्महेन्द्रस्येव देवता:

English

Yama is the king of the righteous, Mandhata, the supreme lord; restraining, he takes life; he who does not restrain is a sinner.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माद् ब्रह्मबलेनैव समुत्थेयं विजानता

English

When he rightly takes up priests, household priests and teachers, honouring and not slighting them, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पालन करनेमें लगाये रखे

English

Yama restrains all beings without distinction; that is to be imitated by the king: the subjects are to be governed duly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे वर्णा न दुष्येयु: शस्त्रवन्तो युधिष्ठिर

English

All kings are compared to the thousand-eyed; the dharma he sees is dharma, bull among men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सभी वर्णोके लोग हथियार उठा लें तो उन्हें कोई दोष नहीं लगता

English

Learn with carefulness forbearance, understanding, steadfastness and mind; ever inquire into the nature of beings, good and bad.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनके लिये कौन-सा धर्म (कर्तव्य) है तथा कौन-सा महान् आश्रय?

English

Gathering all beings, giving and sweet speech; townsfolk and country folk are to be guarded as one's own subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमायया मायया च नियन्तव्यं तदा भवेत्

English

An unskilled king can never protect the subjects; kingship is a very great, very hard burden, dear one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेज: स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति

English

A king wise and brave, who knows the rod, can protect; it cannot be done by one without the rod, a weakling or the unwise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रं च ब्राह्म॒णं द्वेष्टि तदा नश्यन्ति ते त्रयः

English

You should test all minds of the handsome, those born in good families, skilled, devoted and learned, even those of ascetic hermitages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

टक्कर लेनेपर शान्त हो जाते हैं

English

Then you will know the supreme dharma of all beings; in your own country or another's your dharma will not perish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्टेषु सर्ववर्णेषु ब्राह्मणान् प्रति सर्वश:

English

Dharma, wealth and desire—dharma alone should be supreme; here and hereafter the knower of dharma prospers in happiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणार्थ हि सर्वेषां शस्त्रग्रहणमिष्यते

English

Honoured men give up wives and life; so too gathering beings, giving and sweet speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमेवात्मनस्त्यागान्नान्यं धर्म विदुर्जना:

English

Carefulness and purity are greatly productive of prosperity, dear one; never be careless regarding these, Mandhata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मलोकजित: स्वर्ग्यान् वीरांस्तान् मनुरब्रवीत्

English

A king should be careful, seeing the weak points of himself and others; others should not see his weak point, and he should go after theirs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्कृतस्य प्रणाशेन ततः शस्त्रहता रणे

English

This is the conduct of Vasava, Yama, Varuna and all royal sages; you too should follow it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारणाद् देशकालस्य देशकाल: स तादृश:

English

Do that, great king, the conduct served by royal sages; take quickly the divine path, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म्या: पापानि कुर्वाणा गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम्

English

A king whose conduct is righteous is praised, in this world and the next, by divine sages, ancestors and Gandharvas of immeasurable splendour."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मत्राणे वर्णदोषे दुर्दम्यनियमेषु च

English

Thus addressed, Mandhata by Utathya did that without fear, and alone obtained the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तो उसे दोष नहीं लगता

English

You too, a lord of the earth, like Mandhata, practising dharma and protecting the earth, will gain a place in heaven."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभीरभीक्ष्णं कौरव्य कर्ता सन्‍्मानमहति

English

for the sake of acquiring fame, or from fear (of censure and the like) or unto a benefactor. A virtuous man would not make gifts unto persons living by singing and dancing or unto those that are professional jesters, or unto a person that is intoxicated, or unto one that is insane, or unto a thief, or unto a slanderer, or unto an idiot, or unto one that is pale of hue, or unto one that is defective of a limb, or unto a dwarf, or unto a wicked person, or unto one born in a low and wicked family, or unto one that has not been sanctified by the observance of vows. No gift should be made to a Brahmana destitute of knowledge of the Vedas. Gifts should be made unto him only that is a Srotriya. \ An improper gift and an improper acceptance produce evil consequences unto both the giver and the acceptor. As a person who seeks to cross the ocean with the aid of a rock or a mass of catechu sinks along with his support, even so the giver

हिन्दी अर्थ

आज्ञा शास्त्रस्य घोरेयं न शक्ति समवेक्षते

English

"Here too they recite this ancient history, sung by the wise Vamadeva, who saw the truth of things.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि यह इस बातकी ओर नहीं देखती कि दातामें कितने दानकी शक्ति है

English

A king named Vasumanas, Kausalya, strong and pure, questioned the great sage Vamadeva, who was famous:

हिन्दी अर्थ

मिथ्योपेतस्य यज्ञस्य किमु श्रद्धा करिष्यति

English

"Revered one, instruct me with words joined to dharma and wealth, by whose conduct I may not fall from my own dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कश्चिन्महदवाप्रोति मा ते5भूद् बुद्धिरीदूृशी

English

The ascetic Vamadeva, best of reciters, said to him, who was seated golden-hued like Yayati son of Nahusha:

हिन्दी अर्थ

न यज्ञा दक्षिणाहीनास्तारयन्ति कथंचन

English

"Follow dharma alone; there is nothing higher than dharma; kings established in dharma conquer this earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवश्यं तात यष्ट व्यं त्रिभिर्वर्गर्यथाविधि

English

The lord of the earth who regards dharma as higher than success in wealth and makes his mind truthful shines by dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विधिपूर्वक यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करना चाहिए

English

A king who sees unrighteousness and acts by force soon falls away, both the first and the middle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्येवं धर्मतो ध्यातमृषिभिर्थर्मचारिभि:

English

A minister who is bad and the most sinful, destroyer of the world's dharma, is to be killed; with his retinue he soon sinks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वन्ध्यया भार्यया कोअ्डर्थ:कोड्ड थो राज्ञाप्परक्षता

English

and the acceptor (in such a case) both sink together. As a fire that is covered with wet fuel does not blaze forth, even so the acceptor of a gift who is bereft of penances and study and piety cannot confer any benefit (upon the giver). As water in a (human skull) and milk in a bag made of dog-skin become unclean in consequence of the uncleanliness of the vessels in which they are kept even so the Vedas become fruitless in a person who is not of good behaviour. One may give from compassion unto a low Brahmana who is without mantras and vows, who is ignorant of the scriptures and who harbours envy. One may, from compassion, give unto a person that is poor or afflicted or ill. But he should not give unto such a person in the belief that he would derive any (spiritual) benefit from it or that he would earn any religious merit by it. There is no doubt that a gift made to Brahmana bereft of the Vedas becomes perfectly fruitless in consequence of the fault of the recipient. As an elephant made of wood or an antelope made of leather, even so is a Brahmana that has not studied the Vedas. All the three have nothing but names. 1 As a eunuch is unproductive with women, as a cow is unproductive with a cow, as a bird lives in vain that is featherless, even so is a Brahmana that is without mantras. As grain without kernel, as a well without water, as libations poured on ashes, even so is a gift to a Brahmana void of learning. An unlearned Brahmana is an enemy (to all) and is the destroyer of the food that is presented to the gods and Pitris. A gift made to such a person goes for nothing. He is, therefore, like unto a robber (of other people's wealth). He can never succeed in acquiring regions of bliss hereafter. I have now told thee in brief, O Yudhishthira, all that was said (by Manu on that occasion). This high discourse should be listened to by all, O bull of Bharata's race.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा ह्ानर्थ: षण्ढो वा पार्थ क्षेत्र यथोषरम्

English

the uses of the state. Untruth, as that of the loyal servant or follower for protecting the life of his master. Killing, as that of an offender by the king, or in the exercise of the right of self-defence.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेघो न वर्षते यश्न सर्वथा ते निरर्थका:

English

The functions of those men were not unlike those of the rhapsodists of ancient Greece.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथंविधाश्र राजेन्द्र तद् ब्रूहि वदतां वर

English

On these very things the conduct of the world is established; hearing them one gains fame, renown, fortune and subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छन्‍्द: सामादि विज्ञाय द्विजानां श्रुतमेव च

English

One so zealous for dharma, considering dharma and wealth, who begins after examining aims, surely gains greatness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदि कर्मोंका अनुष्ठान

English

A non-giver, not very affectionate, turning the subjects by the rod, a king of rash nature soon perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परस्परस्य सुहृद: समन्तात् समदर्शिन:

English

One with sin done by intelligence, the unwise who does not see, joined with infamy, goes to hell after death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्रियसंयम और मनोनिग्रह आदि गुण देखे जाते हैं, वे ही पुरोहित कहलाते हैं

English

When there is calamity of one who honours, gives, is pure and knows savour, men wish to ruin him as if it were their own.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकामद्देषसंयुक्तस्त्रिभि: शुक्लै: समन्वित:

English

One who has no teacher in dharma and does not ask others, who is given to ease in gaining wealth, does not enjoy greatness for long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते महर्तव्विजस्तात सर्वे मान्या यथाहत:

English

One who gives primacy to teachers in dharma and himself looks to affairs, giving primacy to dharma, attains greatness long in the worlds."