Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

कही और अपना कार्यक्रम बताया--

English

procrastination. He should never covet what belongs to others. He should firmly follow the behaviour of the righteous and, therefore, observe that behaviour carefully. He should never take wealth from those that are righteous. Taking the wealth of those that are not righteous he should give it unto them that are righteous. The king should himself be skilful in smiting. He should practise liberality. He Should have his soul under control. He should dress himself with splendour. He should make gifts in season and regular in his meals. He should also be of good behaviour. The king desirous of obtaining prosperity should always bind to his service men that are brave, devoted, incapable of being deceived by foes, 2 well-born, healthy, well-behaved, and connected with families that are well-behaved, respectable, never inclined to insult others, conversant with all the sciences, possessing a knowledge of the world and its affairs, unmindful of the future state of existence, always observant of their duties, honest, and steadfast like mountains. There should be no difference between him and them as regards objects of enjoyment. The only distinction should consist in his umbrella and his power or passing orders. His conduct towards them, before or behind, should be the same. The king who behaves in this way never comes to grief. That crooked and covetous king who suspects everybody and who taxes his subjects heavily, is soon deprived of life by his own servants and relatives. That king, however, who is of righteous behaviour and who is ever engaged in attracting the hearts of his people, never sinks when attacked by foes. If overcome, he soon regains his position. If the king is not wrathful, if he is not addicted to evil practices and not severe in his punishments, if he succeeds in keeping his passions under control, he then becomes an object of confidence unto all like the Himavat mountains (unto all creatures). He is the best of kings who hath wisdom, who is possessed of liberality, who is ready to take advantage of the laches of foes, who has agreeable features, who is conversant with what is bad for each of the four orders of his subjects, who is prompt in action, who has his wrath under control, who

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत्र चाश्वशिरा राजन् वेदान् पठति शाश्वतान्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "I am bewildered and despondent; my dharma has been slackened; thinking on every side, I find no exertion."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूरिद्युम्नपिता श्रीमान् वीरद्युम्नो महायशा:

English

[Bhishma said:] "This teaching of dharma of yours does not rest on pure scripture alone; this descent of wisdom is honey gathered by poets.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके धर्मात्मा राजा वीरघ्युम्न तुम्हारे ही समान थककर शिथिल हो गये

English

Many counter-measures of wisdom must be made by a king, from this and that; this course does not proceed by dharma of one branch alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आरण्येनैव विधिना राज्ञे सर्व न्यवेदयत्

English

The generation of wisdom in kings who always practise dharma, Kauravya, brings victory; know this word of mine.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदि सब वस्तुएँ अर्पित कीं

English

For kings who are best in wisdom, seeking victory, win; dharma must be met by the king with wisdom, from this and that.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपाविशन् नरव्यात्र सप्तर्षय इव ध्रुवम्

English

The dharma of kings is not laid down by dharma of one stalk; how can a weak man have wisdom, as not spoken of before?

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रयोजनमिदं सर्वमाश्रमस्य निवेशने

English

One who does not know double-mindedness, at a fork in the road, deserves to fall into doubt; double-mindedness of intellect must be known beforehand, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सप्तविंशत्यधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

Wisdom is the instrument at the side, and a river is wayward; a man understands spoken dharma now one way, now another.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृगस्तु विद्धो बाणेन मया सरति शल्यवान्

English

is not vindictive, who is high-minded, who is not irascible by disposition, who is equal engaged in sacrifices and other religious acts, who is not given to boasting, and who vigorously prosecutes to completion all works commenced by him. He is the best of kings in whose dominions men live fearlessly like sons in the house of their sire. He is the best of kings whose subjects have not to hide their wealth and are conversant with what is good and what is bad for them. He, indeed, is a king whose subjects are engaged in their respective duties and do not fear to cast off their bodies when duty calls for it; whose people, protected duly, are all of peaceful behaviour, obedient, docile, tractable, unwilling to be engaged in disputes, and inclined to liberality. That king earns eternal merit in whose dominions there is no wickedness and dissimulation and deception and envy. That king truly deserves to rule who honours knowledge, who is devoted to the scriptures and the good of his people, who treads in the path of the righteous, and who is liberal. That king deserves to rule, whose spies and counsels and acts, accomplished and unaccomplished, remain unknown to his enemies. The following verse was sung in days of old by Usanas of Bhrigu's race, in the narrative called Ramacharita, on the subject, O Bharata, of kingly duties: 'One should first select a king (in whose dominions to live). Then should he select a wife, and then earn wealth. If there be no king, what would become of his wife and acquisition'?' Regarding those that are desirous of kingdom, there is no other eternal duty more obligatory than the protection (of subjects). The protection the king grants to his subjects upholds the world. 1 Manu, the son of Prachetas, sang these two verses respecting the duties of kings. Listen to them with attention: 'These six persons

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवतामाश्रमं प्राप्तो हताशो भ्रष्टलक्षण:

English

The enemies of dharma plunder the shastras; they proclaim the inconsistency of the sciences of wealth by their meaninglessness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि मेरी भग्न हुई आशा दे रही है

English

Those who wish to live by learning and desire fame on every side are all the worst of men, enemies of dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महत्त्वान्नान्वपद्येतां नभसो वान्तरं तथा

English

Of unripe minds, dull, they do not know things as they are; ever unskilled in the shastras, they are unsettled everywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशावान् पुरुषो यः स्यादन्तरिक्षमथापि वा

English

Seeing faults in the shastras, they plunder the shastras; and the knowledge of the sciences, they say, is not right.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न गुहां श्रोतुमिच्छामि युष्मद्भ्यो द्विजसत्तमा:

English

Those who by belittling others' learning proclaim their own, with speech for weapons and tongue for razors, are like fruits of milked learning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि वास्ति कथायोगो योडयं प्रश्नो मयेरित:

English

Know them as traders in learning, like rakshasas, Bharata; by their trickery, the whole dharma you know will be lost; we have heard that dharma is not spoken by speech alone, nor by intellect alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवन्तो5पि तपोनित्या ब्रूयुरेतत् समन्विता:

English

So Maghavan himself declared the knowledge of Brihaspati; yet no word is spoken here without a reason.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषभने विस्मित होकर इस प्रकार कहा--

English

Others settle matters by a scripture well mastered by themselves; and some here, the wise, call dharma the conduct of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समासादितवान् दिव्यं नरनारायणाश्रमम्

English

The dharma of the good, once declared, a scholar does not work out for himself, out of impatience, bewilderment in the shastra, or lack of knowledge, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पितृणां देवतानां च ततो55श्रममियां तदा

English

The scripture of a wise man speaking vanishes from sight in a crowd; but it is praised by an intellect that has received the tradition and by his speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अदूरादाश्रमं कज्चिद् वासार्थमगमं तदा

English

From ignorance, by the cause of knowledge, he thinks the saying good; this is not unrefuted, but this shastra is not meaningless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अद्राक्षमृषिमायान्तं तनुं नाम तपोधनम्

English

Ushanas once told the Daityas, in cutting doubt, that knowledge cannot be pointed out, just as it does not exist.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृशता चापि राजर्षे न दृष्टा तादृशी क्वचित्

English

With that, with your root cut, whom can you satisfy? Or who would not attain this word ordained untruly?

हिन्दी अर्थ

पादौ तस्याभिवाद्याथ स्थित: प्राउजलिरग्रत:

English

You were created for fierce action, yet you do not look to it; come, look to this royal policy you wish to follow, by which another is freed and for whose sake he rejoices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर उनके चरणोंमें प्रणाम करके दोनों हाथ जोड़कर उनके आगे खड़ा हो गया

English

Goat, horse, kshatra: this was made similar by Brahma; therefore from the constant use of beings some livelihood is established."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रदिष्े चासने तेन शनैरहमुपाविशम्

English

The fault that lies in killing the unkillable is declared to lie in not killing the killable; this indeed is the limit which one should avoid.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषिमध्ये महाराज तनुर्धर्मभूतां वर:

English

Therefore a king who is sharp should establish his subjects in their own dharma; for devouring one another they would roam like wolves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपायाज्जवनैरश्वे: सबल: सावरोधन:

English

The kshatriya in whose realm bands of robbers plunder others' goods like crows taking fish from water is the defiler of his class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपनी सेना और अन्तःपुरके साथ वहाँ आ पहुँचे

English

Making well-born ministers endowed with Vedic learning, rule the earth, king, protecting the subjects by dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एक: पुत्रो महारण्ये नष्ट इत्यसकृत् तदा

English

The king who takes up one low-born and without deeds, ignorant of the difference between the two, makes that kshatra impotent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तया परीतगात्रो5हं मुमूर्षु्नात्र संशय:

English

Neither the fierce nor the mild is praised here by dharma; one should not transgress either; having become fierce, be mild.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवाक्शिरा ध्यानपरो मुहूर्तमिव तस्थिवान्

English

This dharma of the kshatriya is hard; the goodwill that stands in you was created for fierce action; therefore rule the kingdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घड़ीतक चुपचाप बैठे रह गये

English

"Always restraining the wicked and protecting the good": so the wise Shakra said, in calamities, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच वाकयं दीनात्मा मन्दं मन्दमिवासकृत्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "Is there a limit for robbers that another should not transgress? I ask you, best of the good; tell me that, grandsire."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इस प्रकार कहने लगे---

English

[Bhishma said:] "He should serve only brahmanas, the learned, the aged and the ascetics, rich in learning, conduct and livelihood, for this is the highest purifier.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रवीतु भगवानेतद् यदि गुह्यं न ते मयि

English

The conduct you have toward the gods, let it always be so toward brahmanas; for when brahmanas are angry, king, deeds are done in many ways.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बालिशां बुद्धिमास्थाय मन्दभाग्यतया55त्मन:

English

By their favour glory is chief, by their displeasure the reverse; for when pleased, brahmanas are like nectar, and when angry, like poison."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूरिट्रुम्नं सुतं नष्टमन्वेष्ठं वनमागत:

English

should be avoided like a leaky boat on the sea, viz., a preceptor that does not speak, a priest that has not studied the scriptures, a king that does not grant protection, a wife that utters what is disagreeable, a cow- herd that likes to rove within the village, and a barber that is desirous of going to the woods.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजानं भगवान् विप्रस्तत:ः कृशतनुस्तदा

English

[Bhishma said:] "Great is the dharma, great king, of protecting one who has come for refuge; you are fit to ask the question, best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

या सक्ता सर्वभूतेषु सा55शा कृशतरी मया

English

Nriga and other kings, great king, having protected those who came for refuge, attained the highest perfection.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुझसे भी अत्यन्त कृश होती है

English

For it is heard that an enemy who came to a pigeon for refuge was honoured as is just, and invited to eat of the pigeon's own flesh."

हिन्दी अर्थ

हृदयमें जो आशा होती है, वह मुझसे भी अत्यन्त कृश होती है-

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "How, in former times, did an enemy come to a pigeon for refuge and get fed with its own flesh, and what end did he reach, Bharata?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदेतदुक्तं भवता सम्प्रति द्विजसत्तम

English

[Bhishma said:] "Hear, king, the divine tale that destroys all sin, told by Bhargava to King Muchukunda.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः प्रहस्य भगवांस्तनुर्थर्म भूतां वर:

English

Of old, Partha, King Muchukunda bowed and asked Bhargava about this very matter, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स समानीय तत्पुत्रं तमुपालभ्य पार्थिवम्

English

To him, listening eagerly, Bhargava told the tale of how perfection was gained by a pigeon, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विपाप्मा विगतक्रोधश्वचार वनमन्तिकात्

English

Hear, attentive, king, mighty-armed, as I tell the tale, joined with the determination of dharma and bearing on desire and wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए अपने पुत्र भूरिद्युम्मनकी खोज करनेके लिये वनमें आया हूँ

English

invade the dominions of one who is weaker), halting, seeking protection (if weak in one's own fort), and sowing dissensions (among the chief officers of the enemy).

हिन्दी अर्थ

न दृश्यते वने चारस्मिंस्तमन्वेष्ट चराम्यहम्

English

forgoing to the fields he likes to loiter within the village he should not be employed. Similarly the barber's duties require his presence within the village. If without being present there he likes to wander in the woods, he should never be employed, for it may then be presumed that he is wanting in that skill which experience and habit bring. These two verses are often quoted in conversation by both the learned and unlearned equally.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहीं दिखायी नहीं दे रहा है, उसीको खोजनेके लिये मैं चारों ओर विचर रहा हूँ

English

He had no friend, no relative, no kinsman; for he had been abandoned by them for that dreadful deed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तूष्णीमेवाभवत् तत्र न च प्रत्युक्तवान् नृपम्

English

Taking his snare, he killed birds in the forest always, and sold those flying creatures, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही रह गये। राजाको कुछ उत्तर न दे सके

English

As that evil-souled man lived thus by his trade, a very long time passed, and he did not understand the adharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशाकृतकश्च राजेन्द्र तपो दीर्घ समाश्रित:

English

His wife was his companion, and, delighting in her ever, bewildered by the working of fate, he liked no other livelihood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्‍्येषां चैव वर्णानामिति कृत्वा थियं तदा

English

Then once, as he was in the forest, a great storm of wind arose, as though felling those trees.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वीरघग्युम्नस्तु तं भूय: पप्रच्छ मुनिसत्तमम्

English

In a good moment the sky, crowded with clouds and adorned with rings of lightning, was covered, like a sea by a ship's place.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रवीतु भगवानेतत् त्वं हि धर्मार्थदर्शिवान्

English

Delighted, with masses of streaming rain, the lord of a hundred sacrifices filled the earth with water in a moment.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि आशासे बढ़कर दुर्बलता क्या है? और इस पृथ्वीपर सबसे दुर्लभ क्या है?

English

Then, with the world full of downpours, confused and senseless, tormented by cold, he wandered all that forest with a troubled heart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी उनका स्मरण दिलाते हुए-से इस प्रकार कहा

English

The bird-killer found neither low ground nor high ground, for the path of that forest was filled with floods of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्या वै दुर्लभत्वाच्च प्रार्थिता: पार्थिवा मया

English

Birds, struck by the force of the wind, lay hidden then; deer, lions and boars took shelter on dry ground and stayed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्लभत्वं च तस्यैव वेदवाक्यमिव द्विज

English

Terrified by the great wind and rain, those forest-dwellers, afflicted by fear and hunger, wandered about together in the forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्मुने मम तत्त्वेन वक्तुमहसि पृच्छत:

English

But he, his limbs struck by the cold, walked on and did not stop; in the groves he saw a tree dark as a cloud.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बतानेकी कृपा करें

English

The sky, rich in stars, like a night-lotus and spotless, was free of clouds; seeing it, the fowler, shaking with cold,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बतावें कि आपसे भी बढ़कर अत्यन्त दुर्बल वस्तु क्या है?

English

looked about the directions, and the hour; the evil-minded man saw that the village lay far from that place, lord, and resolved to spend that night in that forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स दुर्लभतरस्तात योडर्थिनं नावमन्यते

English

With folded hands, restrained, he spoke to the tree: "I take refuge in whatever deities are in this tree, Bharata."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुष संसारमें अत्यन्त दुर्लभ है

English

Laying his head on a stone and spreading leaves on the ground, filled with great misery, the bird-killer then slept.