Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

वैसी नौकाओंसे रहित हैं, वे अविवेकी मनुष्य क्या करेंगे?

English

human beings on earth. For true manhood, however, they are neither here nor hereafter. Victorious foes, O sire, proceed cheerfully. Their praises recited the while by bards, in pursuit of the flying combatants. When enemies, coming to battle tarnish the fame of a person, the misery the latter feels is more poignant, I think, than that of death itself. Know that victory is the root of religious merit and of every kind of happiness. That which is regarded as the highest misery by cowards is cheerfully borne by those that are heroes, l Resolved upon acquiring heaven, we should fight, regardless of life itself, and determined to conquer or die, attain a blessed end in heaven. Having taken such an oath, and prepared to throwaway life itself, heroes should courageously rush against the enemy's ranks. In the van should be placed a division of men armed with swords and shields. In the rear should be placed the car-division. In the space intervening should be placed other classes of combatants. This should be the arrangement made for assailing the foe. Those combatants in the army that are veterans should fight in the van. They would protect their comrades behind them. Those amongst the army that would be regarded as foremost for strength and courage, should be placed in the van. The others should stand behind them. They that are inspired with fear should, with care, be comforted and encouraged. These weaker combatants should be placed on the field (without being withdrawn) for at least showing the number of the army (to the foe). 2 If the troops are few, they should be drawn close together for the fight. At times, if their leader wishes, the close array may be extended wide. When a small number of troops is to fight with a great army, the array called Suchimukha should be formed. 3 When a small force is engaged with a large one, the leader of the former may shake hands with his men and utter loud cries to effect, The enemy has broken! The enemy has broken!' Those among them that are endued with strength should resist the enemy, loudly unto their comrades, 'Fresh friends have arrived! Fearlessly strike at your foes!' Those that are in advance of the rest should utter loud shouts and make diverse kinds of noises, and should blow and beat Krakachas, cow-horns, drums, cymbals, and kettle-drums.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्म करनेवाले ब्राह्मणको सर्वत्र सिद्धि प्राप्त होती है धर्म वाधर्मसंकाशं शोचन्निव करोति सः

English

[Bhishma said:] "Here too they cite this ancient tale, the dialogue of Dyumatsena with the king Satyavan.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृष्ठतः पार्श्वतश्चान्यास्तावत्यस्ता: प्रधारणा:

English

We have heard that Satyavan spoke what had not been said when men were being led to execution by his father's command:

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊर्णारूपसवर्णस्य तस्य रूप॑ प्रकाशते अशुक्लं चेतस: सौक्ष्म्यमप्युक्तं ब्राह्मणस्य वै

English

"Dharma goes to adharma and adharma goes to dharma; what is called killing as dharma cannot be so."

हिन्दी अर्थ

जातस्य पार्थिविश्वर्य: सृष्टिरत्र विधीयते

English

[Dyumatsena said:] "But if killing is not dharma, what could ever be dharma? If robbers were not slain, Satyavan, there would be confusion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आकाशभूतश्चाकाशे सवर्णत्वात् प्रकाशते अहड्कारेडस्य विजिते पज्चैते स्युर्वशानुगा:

English

"This is mine": that would not go on in the Kali age; and the course of the world would not be. If you know, tell us."

हिन्दी अर्थ

यतो निःसरते लोको भवति व्यक्तसंज्ञक:

English

[Satyavan said:] "All three classes should be made subject to the brahmana; of those bound by the nooses of dharma, few will go astray.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा व्यक्तमयं चैव सांख्ये पूर्व निबोध मे द्वावात्मानौ च वेदेषु सिद्धान्तेष्वप्युदाहृतो

English

Whoever of them goes astray, the twice-born should report, saying 'this one does not listen to me'; the king should then decide about him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विषयात् प्रतिसंहार: सांख्यानां सिद्धि लक्षणम्

English

The scripture that is without difference of principle should be followed, not otherwise; killing, without examining actions, is not the policy-science as it is prescribed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्राज्ञो न तरत्येनं यो हवास्ते न स गच्छति कामग्राहगृहीतस्य ज्ञानमप्यस्य न प्लव:

English

in the above, means the ordinances in respect of Kshatriya duties; that Upapatti, which I understand means reasoning (or conclusion), indicates a disregard for life, for those ordinances lead to no other conclusion. Good behaviour, according to him, means encouraging the soldiers, speaking sweetly to them, and promoting the brave, etc. Means and contrivances consist in punishing desertion and cowardliness, etc. If Nilakantha be right, what Bhishma says is that battles (which, of course, are intended for the protection of righteousness) become possible in consequence of these four causes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतदुन्मज्जनं तस्य यदयं ब्राह्मणो भवेत्

English

Angira, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, and Vasishtha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मादुन्मज्जने तिषछेत् प्रज्ञया निस्तरेद् यथा करे, उस कालनदसे पार हो जाय

English

The root should not be struck; this is not eternal dharma; indeed atonement is ordained even without killing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राज्ञस्यानन्तरा सिद्धिरिहलोके परत्र च

English

By harassment, bondage, disfigurement and the penalty of death they are to be afflicted, not before by the wealth of the harmful.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्त होते देर नहीं लगती पज्चभि: सततं यज्जैर्विघसाशी यजेत च

English

When they go to the priest for refuge, saying, 'Brahmana, we shall not do wrong again,'

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहे। नित्य पठ्चमहायज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करे और यज्ञशिष्ट अन्नका ही भोजन करे

English

then they should be released: so is the king's rule. A brahmana wearing the staff and deerskin, shaven, deserves clothing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असंरोधेन लोकस्य वृत्तिं लिप्सेदगर्हिताम् स्वधर्मेण क्रियावांक्ष॒ कर्मणा सो5प्यसंकर:

English

The more weighty, with repeated offence, deserve release again, but not as at the first."

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्माधर्मविशेषज्ञ: सर्व तरति दुस्तरम्

English

[Dyumatsena said:] "Wherever the subjects can be restrained by agreement, so far dharma is said to be, so long as it is not transgressed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वीतहर्षमदक्रोधो ब्राह्णो नावसीदति वह ब्राह्मण कभी विषादको नहीं प्राप्त होता है

English

When there is no killing, all would be defeated; earlier and still earlier people were easily ruled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानवत्त्वेन कर्माणि कुर्वन् सर्वत्र सिध्यति

English

Gentle, mostly truthful, of little malice and little anger; formerly there was only the rod of 'Shame on you!' and then the rod of words.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स जायते म्रियते चापि देही

English

There was also the rod of taking, and now the rod of killing is in use; and even by killing other people cannot be restrained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पज्चत्रिंशदधिकद्विशततमोध्याय: उन्मज्जंश्न॒ निमज्जंश्व ज्ञानवान् प्लववान् भवेत्

English

The robber is not of men, nor of the gods, so it is heard, nor of gandharvas and ancestors; who here is anyone's?

हिन्दी अर्थ

देशकर्मानुरागार्थानुपायापायनिश्चयै:

English

He takes a lotus from the cremation ground and a deity from a pishacha; he who makes an agreement with the ignorant and dull-witted..."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ध्यानयोगका अभ्यास करे" यच्छेद् वाडुमनसी बुद्धया य इच्छेज्ज्ञानमुत्तमम्

English

[Satyavan said:] "If you cannot save the good by non-violence, then make an end by gaining something of the past and future."

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमात्मामें नियन्त्रित करना चाहिए

English

[Dyumatsena said:] "Kings perform the highest austerity for the course of the world; they are ashamed before such men, and so they become.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतेषां चेदनुद्रष्टा पुरुषो5पि सुदारुण: यदि वा धार्मिको यज्वा यदि वा पापकृत्तम:

English

Terrified, the virtuous do not kill evildoers by desire; kings rule the subjects mostly by virtue.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तरत्येवं महादुर्ग जरामरणसागरम्

English

The world follows the better and better livelihood; men ever follow the conduct of the elder.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जिज्ञासु हो तो वेदोक्त सकाम कर्मोकी सीमाको लाँघ जाता है अपानाक्ष: प्राणयुग: प्रज्ञायुर्जीवबन्धन:

English

Men laugh at the one who, without restraining himself, wishes to restrain others, under the sway of senses in objects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितो धीर: श्रद्धादमपुर:सर:

English

Whoever does something improper through the king's pride and delusion should be restrained by every means, and so he turns from sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवयुक्तो रथो दिव्यो ब्रह्मलोके विराजते अक्षरं गन्तुमनसो विधि वक्ष्यामि शीघ्रगम्

English

One should first restrain oneself, for one who restrains evil; and punish with great punishments even near kinsmen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अव्यक्तस्य तथैश्वर्य क्रमश: प्रतिपद्यते भी प्राप्त कर लेता है-

English

Where a sinner is afflicted yet meets no great sorrow, there sins grow and dharma surely shrinks; so the learned brahmana of compassionate nature taught.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा योगस्य युक्तस्य सिद्धिमात्मनि पश्यत:

English

So I was instructed by earlier fathers and grandfathers, very much comforting me out of compassion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धि प्राप्त होती है, उसका भी वर्णन करता हूँ शैशिरस्तु यथा धूम: सूक्ष्म: संश्रयते नभ:

English

In the first age, the Krita, the king followed this; by this dharma a quarter goes in the Treta, a half in the Dvapara, a quarter in the other age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ धूमस्य विरमे द्वितीयं रूपदर्शनम्

English

So in the Kali, by the kings' ill conduct, according to the particular time dharma would be a sixteenth part.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जब कुहरा निवृत्त हो जाता है, तब दूसरे रूपका दर्शन होता है अपां व्यतिक्रमे चास्य वह्नलिरूपं प्रकाशते

English

Then, Satyavan, by the first rule there would be confusion; stating life, power and time, one should enjoin austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अग्नि प्रकाशित दिखायी देती है

English

So that one not give up the great fruit of dharma for truth here, Manu the Self-born spoke, out of compassion for beings."

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैव क्रुद्धय॑ति न द्वेष्टि नानृता भाषते गिर: वाग्दण्डकर्ममनसां त्रयाणां च निवर्तक:

English

avoided challenges to battle by beginning a sacrifice. See Harivansa, the sections on the Syamantaka

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रज्ञावद्धिः प्रक्लृप्तानि यानासनगृहाणि च

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "Of the dharma of the householder and the dharma of renunciation, both near at hand, which is the better, grandsire?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मज्ञानि विशिष्टानि कार्याकार्योपधारणात् उन्हींमें वेद प्रतिष्ठित है

English

[Bhishma said:] "Both dharmas are great, both very hard to practise, both of great fruit, dear, and both practised by the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके इनके समुच्चयको ही कारण बताते हैं

English

Here I shall tell you the authority of both; hear, Partha, one-pointed, doubts in dharma and wealth cut.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्मस्था विषयं ब्रूयु: सत्त्वस्था: समदर्शिन: तपस्विन: प्रशान्ताश्न सत्त्वस्थाश्न कृते युगे

English

Here too they cite this ancient tale, the dialogue of Kapila and the cow; learn it, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राग-द्वेषको मनसे हटाकर तपस्याका आश्रय लेते हैं

English

Seeing the ancient, eternal, firm tradition, Nahusha formerly performed the offering of Tvashta's cow, so we have heard.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेन सर्वानिवाप्नोति कामान् यान् मनसेच्छति कुर्यादन्यन्न वा कुर्यान्मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते

English

Her, thus engaged, Palila, undismayed in mind, abiding in goodness and devoted to rule, knowing, restrained in food, then saw.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संरोधादायुषस्त्वेते व्यस्यन्ते द्वापरे युगे

English

Attaining the highest final understanding, free of fear, he said once, "I remember the loosened truth: the Vedas."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दृश्यन्ते नापि दृश्यन्ते कलेरन्ते पुन: किल गवां भूमेश्च ये चापामोषधीनां च ये रसा:

English

The sage Syumarashmi, entering that cow, said to the ascetic: "O Vedas! If the Vedas are authorities, by what are other dharmas held?

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैवेच्छति न चानिच्छो यात्रामात्रव्यवस्थित:

English

Ascetics, steadfast, with the eye of hearing and discernment, hold all the sages' utterances as known to the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नास्येन्द्रियमनेकाग्रं न विक्षिप्तमनोरथ: तुल्यप्रियाप्रियो धीरस्तुल्यनिन्दात्मसंस्तुति:

English

For one so free of craving, free of fever, without hope and wholly without undertaking, what intent to speak is there about the Vedas?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहिंख: सर्वभूतानामीदृक् सांख्यो विमुच्यते

English

[Kapila said:] "I do not blame the Vedas nor ever wish to; we have heard that the works of those in different stages have one aim.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योगैश्वर्यमतिक्रान्तो यो निष्क्रामति मुच्यते एवं भवति निर्द॑न्द्धो ब्रह्माणं चाधिगच्छति

English

The renouncer goes and the forest-dweller goes; the householder and the celibate student, those two also go.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मभावको प्राप्त होता है, इसमें कोई संशय नहीं है

English

The four paths of the gods are held eternal; among them the greater and lesser differ; the strength and weakness is told in the fruits.

हिन्दी अर्थ

षट्त्रिंशदधिकद्धिशततमो ध्याय: शान्तिके लिये वास्तविक ज्ञानके आश्रित हो जाय

English

Having thus known all aims, one should undertake: so says the Vedic; elsewhere the final scripture says one should not undertake.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुष्यते च पुनः सर्वान् प्रज्ञया मुक्तहेतुकान्

English

In not undertaking there would be no fault; in undertaking faultlessness is best; for a scripture so stated, the strength and weakness are hard to know.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वचनोंका बारंबार पोषण करता रहता है पूत्वा तृणमिषीकां वा ते लभन्ते न किंचन

English

If here you see anything direct, held higher than non-violence, apart from the scriptures of tradition, tell it."

हिन्दी अर्थ

जानकर परमेश्वरकी उपासनासे निवृत्त हो जाते हैं, वे कल्याणके भागी नहीं होते

English

[Syumarashmi said:] "'One desiring heaven should sacrifice': so scripture is constantly heard; having first imagined the fruit, the sacrifice is then extended.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निरुक्तमेतयोरेतत् स्‍्वभावपरिभावयो: स्वभाव और परिभावके तत्त्वका यह आगे बताया जानेवाला विवेचन सुनो

English

Goat, horse, ram, cow, and flocks of birds, village and forest herbs: food for breath, so scripture says.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रज्ञावन्त: प्रयोक्तारो ज्ञानवद्धिरनुछिता: कार्योका यथावत् अनुष्ठान होता है (स्वभावसे--अपने-आप नहीं)

English

Likewise food is offered day by day, evening and morning; animals and grain are a limb of sacrifice, so scripture says.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजानो भुज्जते राज्यं प्रज्ञया तुल्यलक्षणा:

English

These together with sacrifice Prajapati devised; by it the lord Prajapati sacrificed to the gods by sacrifice.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूसरोंपर शासन करते हैं विद्यया तात सृष्टानां विद्यैवेह परा गति:

English

They all say that these moving beings, seven and seven, are equal to each other; the universe offered in sacrifices is called the highest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जगतमें सब प्राणियोंकी सृष्टि विद्यासे हुई है और उनकी परम गति विद्या ही है

English

And this was approved by earlier and still earlier; what learned man would not examine his own power?

हिन्दी अर्थ

जरायुजाण्डजोद्धिज्जस्वेदजं चोपलक्षयेत् प्राणी हैं, उन सबके जन्मकी ओर भी लक्ष्य करना चाहिए

English

Animals, men, trees with herbs wish for heaven alone, and there is no heaven without sacrifice.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपपन्नं हि यच्चेष्टा विशिष्येत विशेष्यया

English

Herbs, animals, trees, creepers, ghee, milk, curds, oblation, earth, the quarters, faith and time: these twelve.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विशिष्टता स्वत: सिद्ध है बहुपाद्धयो विशिष्टानि द्विपदानि बहून्यपि

English

The Rik, Yajus and Saman verses, and the sacrificer as sixteenth; fire, the householder, is known as seventeenth. These are the limbs of sacrifice; sacrifice is the root, so scripture says.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पार्थिवानि विशिष्टानि तानि ह्ान्ञानि भुज्जते

English

With ghee, milk, curds, dung, curd-cheese, skin, hair, horn and foot the cow becomes the sacrifice; so each is for whatever is ordained for it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(पक्षी)। अपार्थिवोंसे पार्थिव श्रेष्ठ हैं, क्योंकि वे अन्न भोजन करते हैं मध्यमानि विशिष्टानि जातिधर्मोपधारणात्

English

They carry the sacrifice together, with priests and fees; all these together bring the sacrifice to completion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनुष्य अधमकी अपेक्षा श्रेष्ठ हैं; क्योंकि वे जाति-धर्मको धारण करते हैं

English

These are created for sacrifice, as scripture is heard; so the earlier and still earlier men acted.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रवक्तृणि विशिष्टानि सर्वधर्मोपधारणात्

English

He who sacrifices without desire for fruit, thinking 'sacrifice must be done,' neither harms nor betrays anyone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सधर्मा निखिला वेदा: २80 के भ्यो विनि:सृता: आत्मज्ञानि विशिष्टानि जन्माजन्मोपधारणात्

English

These limbs of sacrifice, as stated, without doubt, joined by rule, carry each other across.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स त्यागी सत्यसंकल्प: सत्य: शुचिरथेश्वर:

English

I see the tradition of the sages in which the Vedas are established; the learned see it by following the brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शब्दब्रह्मणि निष्णातं परे च कृतनिश्चयम् ज्ञानान्विता हि पश्यन्ति ते देवास्तात ते द्विजा:

English

Sacrifice has the brahmana as its source and is offered to the brahmana; the whole world follows sacrifice and sacrifice follows the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां माहात्म्यभावस्य सदृशं नास्ति किंचन

English

Om is the womb of Brahman; salutation, svaha, svadha, vashat: for him who uses these, even if done as far as he is able,

हिन्दी अर्थ

चतुर्विधस्य भूतस्य सर्वस्येशा: स्वयम्भुव: ज्ञानवानेव कर्माणि कुर्वन् सर्वत्र सिध्यति

English

they say he has no fear of the next world in the three worlds: so the Vedas say here, and the perfected and great sages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि तु कर्म स्वभावोयं ज्ञानं कर्मेति वा पुन:

English

The Rik, Yajus, Saman and stobha verses enjoined by rule: the twice-born in whom all these are only outward.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्या यह कर्म स्वभावसिद्ध है अथवा ज्ञानजनित? सहित इस विषयका वर्णन करूँगा, तुम उसे सुनो

English

In the setting up of the fires, in the soma pressing, twice-born, and in the other great sacrifices, the blessed Veda knows it of itself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैवमेके प्रशंसन्ति स्वभावमपरे जना:

English

Therefore, brahmana, one should sacrifice and cause to sacrifice without doubting; for the sacrificer, by the rule of heaven, there is great fruit of heaven after death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

की प्रशंसा करते हैं और दूसरे लोग स्वभावके गुण गाते हैं त्रयमेतत् पृथग्भूतमविवेक॑ तु केचन

English

"This world is not for the non-sacrificers, nor the next": so it is settled; the knowers of Vedic disputation also hold both as authority."