Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदीपकस्य स्तेनस्य वर्णसंकरिकस्य च

English

" Vaisampayana said, 'Having heard those words, suitable to time and place, of his subjects, king Yudhishthira answered them in the following words, 'Great must be the sons of Pandu, in sooth, whose merits, true or false, are thus recited by such foremost of Brahmanas assembled together. Without doubt, we are all objects of favour with you since you so freely describe us to be possessed of such attributes. King Dhritarashtra, however, is our father and god. If ye desire to do what is agreeable to me, always render your obedience to him and what is agreeable to him. Having slaughtered all my kinsmen, I live for him alone. My great duty is to always serve him in every respect with watchfulness. If ye, as also my friends, think that I should be an object of favour with you and them, let me then request you all to show the same behaviour towards Dhritarashtra as ye used to show before. He is the lord of the world, of yourselves, and of myself. The whole world, with the Pandavas, belongs to him. Ye should always bear these words of mine in your minds.' The king then told them to go whithersoever they liked. Having dismissed the citizens and the people of the provinces, the delighter of the Kurus appointed his brother Bhimasena as Yuvaraja. And he cheerfully appointed Vidura of great intelligence for assisting him with his deliberations and for overlooking the sixfold requirements of the state, l And he appointed Sanjaya of mature years and possessed of every accomplishment, as general director and supervisor of the finances. And the king appointed Nakula for keeping the register of the forces, for giving them food and pay and for supervising other affairs of the army. And king Yudhishthira appointed Phalguna for resisting hostile forces and chastising the wicked. And he appointed Dhaumya, the foremost of priests, to attend daily to the Brahmanas and all rites in honour of the gods and other acts of a religious kind. And he appointed Sahadeva to always remain by his side, for the king thought, O monarch, that he should under all circumstances be protected by that brother of his. And the king cheerfully employed others in other acts according as he deemed them fit. That slayer of hostile heroes, viz., the righteous- souled king Yudhishthira, ever devoted to virtue, commanded Vidura and the high-souled Yuyutsu, saying, You should always with alacrity and attention do everything that my royal father Dhritarashthra wishes. Whatever also should be done in respect of the citizens and the residents of the provinces should be accomplished by you in your respective departments, after taking the king's permission.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतं वा कारयित्वा वा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

[Bhishma said:] "I shall tell you in full, bull among men, the forms that are auspicious in an army that is to win.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरे जनपदे चैव सर्वदोषान् निवर्तयेत्

English

Fate works first, when human effort is driven by time; the learned see that with eyes lengthened by knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योगक्षेमं च वृत्ति च नित्यमेव प्रकल्पयेत्

English

They know here the rule of expiation, muttering and oblations; doing auspicious rites they pacify even the evil omens.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तापसेषु हि विश्वासमपि कुर्वन्ति दस्यव:

English

The army in which the warriors and mounts are high-spirited, Bharata, one should say victory is certain for it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न चाप्यभीक्षणं सेवेत भृशं वा प्रतिपूजयेत्

English

When winds blow behind it, and rainbows, and clouds and the sun's rays follow it,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बातको प्रकट न होने दे)

English

when jackals, mares and vultures move on every side favourably around the army, then success is supreme.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अटवीषु पर: कार्य: सामन्तनगरेष्वपि

English

A fire with bright radiance, with rays upward, with flame turning to the right, smokeless, and sweet scents of the oblations blowing—they call this the form of coming victory.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी एक-एक भित्न-भन्न तपस्वीको अपना सुहृद् बनाये रखे

English

Where conches and kettledrums resound deep and loud, and the eager are unopposed—they call this the form of coming victory.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स इहाकीर्तिसंयुक्तो मृतो नरकमृच्छति

English

seeking alliances and building forts, &c.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आगमानुगमं कृत्वा बध्नीयान्मोक्षयीत वा

English

Where birds speak auspicious sounds, swans, cranes, hundred-petal birds and chasha birds, and the spirited warriors are glad—they call this the form of coming victory.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूतस्य हन्ता निरयमाविशेत् सचिवै: सह

English

With weapons, cloaks, armours, banners, fine rays and bright faces of the young, the army is dazzling and hard to look at; those whose host it is overcome their enemies.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो हन्यात् पितरस्तस्य भ्रूणहत्यामवाप्तुयु:

English

Where the warriors are obedient, free of pride, bound in friendship with one another, and practise purity—they call this the form of coming victory.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिरोरक्षश्न भवति गुणैरेतै: समन्वित:

English

Sounds, touches and scents pleasing to the mind move about, and steadiness enters the warriors; that is the face of victory.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मतिमान् धृतिमान् ह्वीमान् रहस्यविनिगूहिता

English

The left is favourable for one entering, the right for one wishing to enter; behind it accomplishes the aim, in front it prevents.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतैरेव गुणैर्युक्तस्तथा सेनापतिर्भवेत्

English

Having gathered a great fourfold army, Yudhishthira, one should first try in battle to turn it back by conciliation alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्षशीतोष्णवातानां सहिष्णु: पररन्ध्रवित्

English

This victory is the lowest, namely war, Bharata; in battle victory is a matter of chance or fate, so it is considered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करे। राजेन्द्र! अपने पुत्रोंपर भी पूरा-पूरा विश्वास करना अच्छा नहीं माना गया है

English

Like the great surge of waters, like frightened herds of deer, a great army once broken is hardest to check.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अविश्वासो नरेन्द्राणां गुह्मां परममुच्यते

English

They are broken just because "they are broken"; even the learned are not the cause; a great army of fine strength is like a herd of ruru deer.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न्याय्यं तत्र परिप्रष्टं वृत्तिं गुप्तिंच भारत

English

Even fifty heroes who know one another, glad, resolved to give up life, firmly determined, crush the enemy host.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रश्न करना न्यायसड्भत है

English

Or five, six or seven united, resolved, well-born and well honoured, conquer their enemies here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रुत्वा तथा विधातव्यमनुछ्ठेयं च यत्नत:

English

One should never go to a clash when it is possible otherwise; conciliation, division and gifts—war is said to be last.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वसम्पत्प्रधानं यद् बाहुल्‍यं चापि सम्भवेत्

English

By the advance of an army fear afflicts the cowards; where will this fall, like a blazing thunderbolt?

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनुष्यदुर्ग अब्दुर्ग वनदुर्ग च तानि घट

English

Knowing that a force has set out, those who go out against it—the limbs of the warriors and of the country quiver.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दृढपप्राकारपरिखं हस्त्यश्वरथसंकुलम्

English

The whole country trembles, O king, with its fixed and moving things; the marrow of embodied beings scorched by the heat of weapons sinks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धार्मिकश्न जनो यत्र दाक्ष्यमुत्तममास्थित:

English

To them conciliation mixed with harshness should be applied again and again; for pressed on all sides, enemies come to terms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रसिद्धव्यवहारं च प्रशान्‍्तमकुतो भयम्

English

To split the intermediaries he should send spies, and with the king who is beyond him a treaty is praised.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुराब्यजनसम्पन्नं ब्रह्मघोषानुनादितम्

English

For no other way can torment him so as does obstructing him on all sides together with an enemy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वश्यामात्यबलो राजा तत्पुरं स्‍्वयमाविशेत्

English

Forbearance is good, yes, a stratagem; non-forbearance is never good; know, Partha, the purpose of forbearance and of non-forbearance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बढ़ावे। नगर तथा बाहरके ग्रामोंमें सभी प्रकारके दोषोंको दूर करे

English

A king who forbears after conquering increases in fame; even enemies who have greatly offended trust him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निचयान् वर्धयेत् सर्वास्तथा यन्त्रायुधालयान्

English

Shambara thought forbearance good after having weakened; but wood that is not heated returns again to its nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चर्म स्नायुं तथा वेत्रं मुजजबल्वजबन्धनान्

English

The teachers do not praise this, nor is it a good example; they should be restrained without distress or destruction, like one's own sons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निरोद्धव्या: सदा राज्ञा क्षीरिणश्षु महीरुहा:

English

A fierce king becomes hated by beings, Yudhishthira; they despise even a mild one; therefore he should be of both kinds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बतानेवाले ज्यौतिषियोंका और वैद्योंका यत्नपूर्वक सत्कार करे

English

Even about to strike he should speak pleasantly, Bharata, and having struck he should show compassion, as if grieving, as if weeping.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्पन्न पुरुषोंको यथायोग्य समस्त कर्मोमें लगावे

English

"It is not dear to me that he was slain," he should say, speaking thus before; "you did not do what I said though told again and again."

हिन्दी अर्थ

नियुज्ज्याच्च प्रयत्नेन सर्ववर्णान् स्वकर्मसु

English

"Oh, I wish for his life; such a man does not deserve to be killed. Good men who do not flee in battle are very hard to find."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुतिषछेत् स्वयं राजा सर्व हवात्र प्रतेष्ठितम्

English

"That man has done me an ill, by whom he was slain in battle"—saying this aloud, he should honour the slayers when in private.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्तान् पूजयता नित्यं द्विषतश्न निगृह्लता

English

For the slayers and the slain alike, whatever the offenders do, he should cry out with raised arm, wishing to win the people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजानां रक्षणं कार्य न कार्य धर्मबाधकम्

English

Thus in all conditions, acting with conciliation first, a king who knows dharma and is free from fear becomes dear to beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सहैवोपहरेद् राजा सत्कृत्याभ्यर्च्य मान्य च

English

And all beings place trust in him, Bharata; one who is trusted can be enjoyed at will when he comes near.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजयेत् तादृशं दृष्टया शयनासनभोजनै:

English

Therefore a king should inspire trust in all beings without deceit, and guard the earth on every side, he who wishes to enjoy it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परराष्ट्राटवीस्थेषु यथा स्वविषये तथा

English

" Vaisampayana said, 'After this king Yudhishthira of magnanimous soul caused the Sraddha rites to be performed of every one of his kinsmen slain in battle. King Dhritarashtra also of great fame, gave away, for the good of his sons in the other world, excellent food, and kine, and much wealth, and many beautiful and costly gems (unto the Brahmanas). Yudhishthira accompanied by Draupadi, gave much wealth for the sake of Drona and the high-souled Kama, of Dhrishtadyumna and Abhimanyu, of the Rakshasa Ghatotkacha, the son of Hidimva, and of Virata, and his other well-wishers that had served him loyally, and of Drupada and the five sons of Draupadi. For the sake of each of these, the king gratified thousands of Brahmanas with gifts of wealth and gems, and kine and clothes. The king performed the Sraddha rite for the good in the next world, of every one of those kings also who had fallen in the battle without leaving kinsmen or friends behind. And the king also, for the good of the souls of all his friends, caused houses to be founded for the distribution of food, and places for the distribution of water, and tanks to be excavated in their names. Thus paying off the debt he owed to them and avoiding the chance of censure in the world, l the king became happy and continued to protect his subjects religiously. He showed due honour, as before, unto Dhritarashtra, and Gandhari, and Vidura, and unto all the superior Kauravas and unto all the officers. Full of kindness, the Kuru king honoured and protected all those ladies also who had, in consequence of the battle, been deprived of their heroic husbands and sons. The puissant king, with great compassion, extended his favours to the destitute and the blind and the helpless by giving them food, clothes and shelter. Freed from foes and having conquered the whole Earth, king Yudhishthira began to enjoy great happiness.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

बीस गाँवोंके पालकका भरण-पोषण करना उचित है

English

[Bhishma said:] "On this too they recite this ancient history, Yudhishthira: the conversation of Brihaspati and Indra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा राजा च कर्ता च स्यातां कर्मणि भागिनौ

English

Having saluted Brihaspati with joined palms, the lord of the gods, slayer of heroes, Vasava, approached and asked:

हिन्दी अर्थ

योगक्षेमं च सम्प्रेक्ष्य गोमिन: कारयेत् करम्

English

"Brahmana, how should I deal with my enemies, ever alert, and restrain them by means without uprooting them?

हिन्दी अर्थ

वत्सापेक्षी दुहेच्चैव स्तनांश्व न विकुट्टयेत्

English

In the clash of two armies victory may be shared; what should I do so that blazing, scorching fortune does not desert me?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा कोमल उपायोंसे ही राष्ट्रसे कर ले, जिससे प्रजा दुखी न हो

English

Then Brihaspati, skilled in dharma, wealth and desire, quick of wit, and knowing the rules of kingship, replied to Purandara:

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो भूयस्ततो भूय: क्रमवृद्धि समाचरेत्

English

"One should never wish to restrain wrongdoers by quarrel; that is the way of children, that impatience and want of forbearance. An enemy should not be exposed by one who wishes his destruction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहे (ताकि किसीको विशेष भार न जान पड़े)

English

Restraining anger, strength and impatience born in oneself within oneself, he should wait on the enemy, distrusting him while seeming to trust.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृदुपूर्व प्रयत्नेन पाशानभ्यवहारयेत्

English

He should always speak only what is pleasant and do nothing unpleasant; he should keep away from dry enmities and avoid straining the throat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्मान करना चाहिए

English

As a fowler, intent, makes the sound of birds and brings those birds under his power, so should a king be; and he should bring his enemies under his sway and strike them down, Purandara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञे दद्युर्यथाकामं तापसा: संशितव्रता:

English

One who has constantly scorned his enemies does not sleep in comfort, Vasava; the wicked-souled one keeps awake, like a fire risen in a thicket.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यादृशे नगरे राजा स्वयमावस्तुमरहति

English

There should be no clash when victory would be shared; having inspired trust, the enemy is to be taken in and brought under control, lord.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसका लक्षण मैंने यहाँ संक्षेपसे बताया है

English

Having deliberated with ministers, great souls who know counsel, one should seem to overlook and disregard, while unconquered in heart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्यग्जिज्ञासमानाय प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ

English

Then in due time, when he has slipped a little, he should strike, and corrupt his army through trusted agents.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्विगुणाया: शतस्यैवं सहस्रस्य च कारयेत्

English

Knowing the beginning, middle and end, he should consider secretly; knowing their strength, he should corrupt his forces in due measure.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अलग एक-एक अधिपति बनाना चाहिए

English

By division, by gifts, and by mingling with drugs, but he should never form association with the enemies.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तान् ब्रूयाद् दशपायासौ स तु विंशतिपाय वै

English

Though enduring a long time, he should strike, being sharp; waiting for the time, he should keep them lulled so that they gain trust.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ग्रामाणां शतपालाय सर्वमेव निवेदयेत्

English

One should not kill enemies at once; victory when seen is not enduring; he does not agitate a thorn and make a fresh wound.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दशपस्तेन भर्तव्यस्तेनापि द्विगुणाधिप:

English

And he should strike when the time arrives; he does not come round again, Indra, for a man bent on slaying his enemy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महान्तं भरतश्रेष्ठ सुस्फीतं जनसंकुलम्

English

The time that passes by a man who awaits the time is hard to get again for one who wishes to act in accord with time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाखानगरमर्हस्तु सहस्रपतिरुत्तम:

English

He should win vigour thus, gathering the esteemed good; he should always accomplish by time, and not oppress what has not arrived.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सकता है। उसे राष्ट्रवासियोंक साथ मिलकर रहना चहिये

English

Giving up desire, anger and egotism, intent, he should seek the gaps of his enemies, Purandara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां संग्रामकृत्यं स्याद् ग्रामकृत्यं च तेषु यत्

English

Gentleness, the rod, sloth and negligence, best of gods, and various illusions, Shakra, accomplish the unwise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नगरे नगरे वा स्यादेक: सर्वार्थचिन्तक:

English

Having slain these four and guarded against illusion, he is then able to strike his enemies without hesitation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विक्रयं क्रयमध्वानं भक्त च सपरिच्छदम्

English

When it can be done by one alone, he should act secretly; ministers keep a secret, yet also scatter it among themselves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्पत्तिं दानवृत्तिं च शिल्पं सम्प्रेक्ष्य चासकृत्

English

Or considering it impossible, he should make agreement with others; the Brahmana's rod against the unseen, the four-fold army against the seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बार-बार निरीक्षण करके शिल्प एवं शिल्पकारोंपर कर लगावे

English

He should first apply division, and silent punishment likewise; the king should apply each at its proper time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उच्चावचकरा दाप्या महाराज्ञा युधिष्ठिर

English

He should bow down in time to a stronger enemy; intent, he should seek the slaying of the careless one, himself unheedful.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फलं कर्म च सम्प्रेक्ष्य ततः सर्व प्रकल्पयेत्

English

With obeisance, gifts and sweet speech he should wait on the enemy, but never be without suspicion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो राष्ट्रमनुगृह्नाति परिरक्षन् स्वयं नूप:

English

He should always avoid the places of those suspected, and not trust in them; he who has wronged stays awake here, rejected.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपदर्थ च निर्यात॑ं धनं त्विह विवर्धयेत्

English

There is no deed harder than this, best of gods, lord of the immortals—the sovereignty of men of varied conduct.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं नास्य प्रकुप्यन्ति जना: सुखितदु:खिता:

English

So too the birth of those of varied nature is spoken of; he should strive, resorting to yoga, without keeping off friends and foes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपि चान्ताय कल्पन्ते वेणोरिव फलागमा:

English

They scorn even the gentle; people are afraid of the harsh; so do not be harsh nor soft—be harsh, be soft.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इदमात्मवधायैव राष्ट्रमिच्छन्ति बाधितुम्

English

As a rampart with rushing water flooded on every side is ever breached by gaps, so is a kingdom to a king who is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परित्राणाय भवतः प्रार्थयिष्ये धनानि वः

English

He should not attack many enemies at once, by conciliation, gift, division or the rod, Purandara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपि चेत् पुत्रदारार्थमर्थसंचय इष्यते

English

Crushing them one by one, he should act skilfully with the rest; even the capable wise king should not undertake all at once.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथाशक्त्युपगृह्नामि राष्ट्स्यापीडया च व:

English

When the army is great, filled with horses, elephants and chariots, abundant in footmen and engines, well attached, six-limbed,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जिससे राष्ट्रवासियोंको किसी प्रकारका कष्ट न हो

English

when he thinks his growth manifold, contrary to them, then turning, he should strike the robbers without hesitation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न च प्रियतरं कार्य धनं कस्याज्चिदापदि

English

Not praised is conciliation or the rod as a secret doctrine; nor always gentleness toward enemies on an expedition; nor destruction of crops, nor confusion; nor again reconsideration of the nature of things.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् तेषु विशेषेण मृदुपूर्व समाचरेत्

English

Deceit, division and dismissal, and evil too by contact of touch—he should have them carried out by trusted men, employed in cities and in kingdoms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कोमलताका बर्ताव करना चाहिए

English

Following their cities, kings conquered here all enjoyments in cities, applying policy in cities as prescribed, slayer of Vritra, in many ways.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रभावयन्ति राष्ट्र च व्यवहारं कृषिं तथा

English

Giving hidden treasures, cutting off enjoyments and restraining their own, proclaiming "the wicked by their own faults," they apply it in cities and kingdoms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दयावानप्रमत्तश्न करान् सम्प्रणयन् मृदून्

English

So also with others, who know the science of pleasure, well adorned, with insight into the rules of the scriptures, well trained, skilled in speech and story—find your tasks among the enemy."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं प्रवर्तेत तदा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

[Indra said:] "What are the signs of a wicked man, best of Brahmanas? How should one know the wicked? Asked this, tell me."

हिन्दी अर्थ

काममें लाना चाहिए, यह मुझे बताइये

English

[Brihaspati said:] "He speaks of faults behind one's back, resents good qualities, and when others are praised he is silent and turned away.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुशिष्यात् प्रजा राजा धर्मार्थी तद्धिते रत:

English

In silence too, if knowledge is not the cause, there are trust, biting the lip, and shaking the head.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहकर उसे अपने अनुशासनमें रखना चाहिए

English

He is constantly in contact and speaks when apart; he changes when unseen, and on seeing does not speak.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा कर्माणि सर्वाणि राजा राष्ट्रेषु वर्तयेत्

English

He comes apart and eats separately, not properly as now; in seat, bed and vehicle his feelings are to be marked especially.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समस्त कार्योंका राजा अपने राष्ट्रमें प्रचार करे

English

Distress in the distressed and joy in the beloved—this much is the mark of a friend; the opposite is to be understood as the mark of an enemy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसी प्रकार राजा कोमलताके साथ ही राष्ट्ररूपी गौका दोहन करे, उसे कुचले नहीं

English

You should understand these as thus stated, lord of the Thirty; the nature of thoroughly wicked men is stronger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्याप्रीव च हरेत् पुत्रान् संदशेन्न च पीडयेत्

English

Thus the recognition of the wicked has been told to you, best of gods." Considering the true meaning of the science as it should be, the lord of the immortals...

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतीक्ष्णेनाभ्युपायेन तथा राष्ट्र समापिबेत्

English

[Bhishma said:] "Devoted to destroying his enemies, he did Brihaspati's words unfailingly; the foe-slayer Purandara moved in time for victory and brought his enemies under his power."