Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैव राज्ञां तथा वृत्तं यथा त्वं स्थातुमिच्छसि

English

one acquires of either, one enjoys or suffers the consequences (even here). By knowledge, by penances, and by righteous acts, therefore, one enhances his weal (even here). One, therefore may similarly enhance his misery by committing unrighteous acts. One should, therefore, always achieve acts that are righteous and abstain altogether from those that are unrighteous. I have now indicated what the expiations are of the sins that have been mentioned. There is expiation for every sin except those that are called Mahapatakas (highly heinous sins). As regards sins in respect of unclean food and the like, and improper speeches, etc., they are of two classes, viz., those committed consciously and those that are committed unconsciously. All sins that are committed consciously are grave, while those that are committed unconsciously are trivial or light. There is expiation for both. Indeed sin is capable of being washed away by (observance of) the ordinances spoken of. Those ordinances, however, have been laid down only for believers (in God) and those that have faith. They

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्नीयाद् राज्यं प्राप्पेह धार्मिक:

English

"Let others eat what is left over by Brahmanas; none else should take in any way by obstructing a Brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भव राजा जय स्वर्ग सतो रक्षासतो जहि

English

If a Brahmana should take to renunciation, wasted by lack of livelihood, a livelihood should be provided for him, lord of men, with his wife.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर्जन्यमिव भूतानि स्वादुद्रुममिव द्विजा:

English

If he does not turn back, it should be said in the assembly of Brahmanas: 'In what will this world now make a boundary?'

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां विशेषमाचक्ष्व ब्राह्मणानां पितामह

English

He would surely turn back if he does not speak after this; this rule should first be indirectly made, Kaunteya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्या अन्तर है? यह मुझे बताइये

English

People say this, Brahmana, but I do not believe it; he should be invited with enjoyments; if he has no livelihood, then let him act.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते ब्रह्मसमा राजन ब्राह्म॒णा: परिकीर्तिता:

English

Agriculture, cattle-keeping and trade are the livelihood of people here, and above them the triple learning; it makes beings flourish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते देवसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत

English

When it strives, those who obstruct it are robbers; for their slaying here Brahma created the kshatriya order.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए हैं, वे ब्राह्मणोंमें देवताके समान समझे जाते हैं

English

Slay your enemies, protect the subjects, sacrifice with sacrifices, O king, and fight in battle as a hero, delight of the Kurus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजापालनसम्भूतमाप्ता धर्मफलं हासि

English

are not for atheists or those that have no faith, or those in whom pride and malice predominate. A person, O tiger among men, that is desirous of weal both here and hereafter, should, O foremost of virtuous men, have recourse to righteous behaviour, to (the counsels of) men that are righteous, and to the duties that have been ordained for him. Therefore, for the reasons already advanced (by me), thou, O king, shalt be cleansed of all thy sins for thou hast slain thy foes in the discharge of thy duties as a king and for the protection of thy life-breath and thy inheritance. Or, if not withstanding this, thou still regardest thyself to be sinful, perform expiation. Do not cast away thy life in consequence of such grief that is not becoming a wise man.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

होनेवाले धर्मके फलको नहीं पा सकोगे

English

" Vaisampayana continued, 'Thus addressed by the holy Rishi, king Yudhishthira the just, having reflected for a short while, said these words unto the sage.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथैतत् प्रज्ञया तात यथा55चरसि मेधया

English

the second three days, eat nothing but what is got without soliciting, for the next three days, and fast altogether for the three days that follow. This is called Kris char a-bhoj ana. Observing this rule for six years, one may be cleansed of the sin of slaying a Brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माहात्म्यं च महौदार्य भवत: कुन्त्ययाचत

English

days; eating what is got without soliciting, for the next seven days; and fasting altogether for the next

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृत्रेष्वाशासते नित्यं पितरो हैवतानि च

English

"What is the weak point, what is my attachment, what remains unfelled? From where might fault flow to me?"—he should think thus always.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्ममेतदधर्म वा जन्मनैवाभ्यजायथा:

English

By approved secret spies he should have the earth surveyed: "Do they praise my conduct as well conducted or not? Does my fame please in the country, in the kingdom?

हिन्दी अर्थ

सीदतामपि कौन्तेय न कीर्तिरवसीदति

English

Those who know dharma and are steadfast, who do not flee in battles, and those who live in the kingdom and those who live on the king,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धि प्राप्त हो जाती है (जिसे तुम वनवास और तपस्यासे पाना चाहते हो)

English

and all ministers and all those who are neutral, those who praise you or revile you—all of them, Yudhishthira, should be well led.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मी गृही वा राजा वा ब्रह्मचारी यथा पुन:

English

It is not possible, dear one, to please everyone entirely—friend, enemy or neutral—among all beings, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतमेवाकृताच्छेयो न पापीयोस्त्यकर्मण:

English

Among those of equal strength of arm who are devoted to qualities, how could one be superior and enjoy men?

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्य तृप्ता: प्रतिष्ठन्ति धर्म:को5भ्यधिकस्तत:

English

The moving eat the unmoving, the tuskless the tusked, as enraged venomous snakes eat snakes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजाके लिये इससे बढ़कर धर्मकी बात और क्या होगी?

English

Be ever careful of these, Yudhishthira; for these, like bharunda birds, fall on one who is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि ततः परमैश्चर्य ब्रूहि मे यदि पश्यसि

English

Are your merchants in your kingdom not troubled, oppressed by taxes, buying much for little and labouring in wild places?

हिन्दी अर्थ

जानते हैं तो मुझे बताइये

English

Do the farmers, much oppressed, not leave the kingdom, they who bear the king's burden and support others as well?

हिन्दी अर्थ

स स्वर्गजित्तमोस्माकं सत्यमेतद् ब्रवीमि ते

English

Gods and hosts of ancestors live on what is given from here, as do men, serpents, Rakshasas, birds and animals.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अधिकारी है, यह मैं तुमसे सच्ची बात कहता हूँ

English

This is your livelihood of the kingdom and protection of the kingdom, Bharata; relying on this very aim I shall speak more, Pandava."

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते शूद्रसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत

English

"Yudhishthira said, 'Tell me, O grandfather, what food is clean and what unclean, what gift is praiseworthy, and who should be considered deserving and who undeserving (of gifts).'

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनके धनपर भी राजाका ही अधिकार है

English

"How Utathya, the best knower of Brahma, instructed him—all that I shall tell you in full, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरे शरीरके भीतर तुम्हारा प्रवेश कैसे हुआ?

English

"A king exists for dharma, not for acting at will; know thus, Mandhata, that a king is the protector of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संविभक्तास्मि सर्वेषां मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

A king who practises dharma goes to godhood; if he does not practise dharma he goes to hell.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आवश्यक वस्तुएँ देता रहता हूँ, तथापि तुम मेरे शरीरमें कैसे प्रविष्ट हो गये?

English

Beings stand in dharma and dharma stands in the king; a king who rules well is lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अव्युच्छेत्तास्मि सर्वेषां मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

A king supremely righteous but fortunate is called sinful; the gods are rebuked and it is said, "There is no dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

संविभक्ताश्न सत्कृत्य मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Success of aims is seen for those who act unrighteously; and the world follows all that as auspicious.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वतन्त्रो जातु न क्रीडे मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

The conduct of dharma is uprooted and great unrighteousness prevails; they call it fear day and night when sin is not restrained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनृत्विजा हुतं नास्ति मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

The twice-born who keep vows do not follow the Vedas, Brahmanas do not extend sacrifices, when sin is not restrained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शूद्रतुल्य हैं। धर्मात्मा राजाको चाहिए कि इन सब लोगोंसे कर ले और बेगार करावे

English

" Vyasa said, 'In this connection is cited the old account of a discourse between the ascetics and that lord of creation, viz., Manu. In the Krita age, an assembly of Rishis, of rigid vows, having approached the great and puissant lord of creation, Manu, while seated at his ease, solicited him to discourse on duties, saying, 'What food should be taken, who is to be regarded a deserving person (for gifts), what gifts should be made, how should a person study, and what penances should one perform and how, and what acts should be done and what acts should not be done, O lord of creation, tell us everything about all this.' Thus addressed by them, the divine and self-born Manu said unto them, 'Listen to me as I expound the duties in brief and in detail. In regions which have not been interdicted, silent recitation (of sacred mantras, homa), fasts, knowledge of self, sacred rivers, regions inhabited by men devoted to this pious acts,~these have been laid down as acts and objects that are cleansing. Certain mountains also are cleansing, as also the eating of gold and bathing in waters into which have been dipped gems and precious stones. Sojourn to holy places, and eating of sanctified butter—these also, without doubt speedily cleanse a man. No man would ever be called wise if he is indulged in pride. If he wishes to be long-lived, he should for three nights drink hot water (as an expiation for having indulged in pride). Refusal to appropriate what is not given, gift, study (of scriptures), penance, abstention from injury, truth, freedom from wrath, and worship of the gods in sacrifices,— these are the characteristics of virtue. That again which is virtue may, according to time and place, be sin. Thus appropriation (of what belongs to others), untruth,

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते ब्राह्मणचाण्डाला महापथिकपज्चमा:

English

and injury and killing, may under special circumstances, become virtue. With respect to persons capable of judging, acts are of two kinds, viz., virtuous and sinful. From the worldly and the Vedic points of view again, virtue and sin are good or bad (according to their consequences). From the Vedic point of view, virtue and sin (i.e., everything a man may do or not do), would be classed under action and inaction. Inaction (i.e., abstention from Vedic rites and adoption of a life of contemplation) leads to emancipation (from rebirth); while the consequences of action (i.e., practice of Vedic rites) are repeated death and rebirth. From the worldly point of view, acts that are evil lead to evil and those that are good to consequences that are good. From the worldly point of view, therefore, virtue and sin are to be distinguished by the good and the evil character of their consequences, l Acts that are (apparently) evil, when undertaken from considerations connected with the gods, the scriptures, life itself, and the means by which life is sustained, produce consequences that are good. When an act is undertaken from the expectation, however doubtful, that it will produce mischief (to some one) in the future, or when an act is done whose consequence is visibly mischievous, expiation has been laid down. When an act is done

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते क्षत्रसमा राजन ब्राह्मुणानां भवन्त्युत

English

In whom dharma shines, they call him king; in whom dharma is dissolved, the gods know him as a vrishala (outcast).

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते वैश्यसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत

English

Dharma, the revered one, is the bull (vrisha); one who sufficiently harms it, the gods know as a vrishala; therefore one should not destroy dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वैश्यके समान समझा जाता है

English

When dharma grows all beings grow; when it declines they decline; therefore one should increase dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋते ब्रह्मसमेभ्यश्व॒ देवकल्पेभ्य एव च

English

Dharma flows from wealth, or is certain from upholding; lord of men, it is called the one that ends the boundary of what should not be done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नियम्या: संविभज्याश्च धर्मानुग्रहकारणात्

English

For the prosperity of beings dharma was created by the Self-existent himself; therefore one should increase dharma for the favour of subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिस्थितिके लिये जानकार लोग उस राजाका ही अपराध ठहराते हैं

English

Therefore, tiger among kings, dharma is held best; that is the king who rules the subjects well, best of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो निर्वासनीय: स्यात् तस्माद् देशात् सबान्धव:

English

Disregarding desire and anger, one should protect dharma alone; dharma is the most beneficial for kings, best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कया च वृत्त्या वर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

Brahmanas are the source of dharma; therefore always honour them, and fulfil the wishes of Brahmanas without envy, Mandhata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति राज्ञां पुरावृत्तमभिजल्पन्ति साधव:

English

By not fulfilling their wishes fear arises for the king, friends do not prosper and even become enemies.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसीको राजाओंका प्राचीनकालसे चला आता हुआ बर्ताव या धर्म कहते हैं

English

When Bali, son of Virochana, was envious of Brahmanas, then Shri, who was in him, resplendent, left him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञ एवापराधं त॑ मन्यन्ते किल्बिषं नूप

English

Departing from him, she went to Pakashasana; then he repented afterward seeing Shri in Purandara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माना जाता है। विचारवान् पुरुष इसे राजाका ही अपराध और पाप समझते हैं

English

This is the fruit of envy and pride, overcomer; therefore understand, Mandhata, lest the resplendent one leave you.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माद् राजर्षय: सर्वे ब्राह्मणानन्वपालयन्

English

Pride, named Darpa, a son of Shri, was born of adharma, the scripture says; by him gods and asuras, O king, were brought under sway very often.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसीलिये सभी राजर्षियोंने ब्राह्मणोंकी सदा ही रक्षा की है

English

And many royal sages too; therefore understand, lord of the earth: a king who conquers him becomes king, and he who is conquered by him is a slave.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राक्षसके द्वारा अपहृत होते समय केकयराजके प्रकट किये हुए उद्गारका वर्णन है

English

So act, Mandhata, as to not serve unrighteousness accompanied by pride, if you wish to stay long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वाध्यायेनान्वितं राजन्नरण्ये संशितव्रतम्

English

One should beware of the drunk, the careless, the adolescent, and especially the mad; from practice of that, from association, from serving the unfriendly,

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वाध्याय किया करते थे। एक दिन उन्हें एक भयंकर राक्षसने पकड़ लिया

English

from a restrained minister, and especially from women, from mountains, uneven ground, forts, elephants, horses and reptiles.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नानाहिताग्निर्नायज्वा मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Of these one should always be careful, and avoid night-wandering; one should avoid excess in income, excess in pride, hypocrisy and anger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोचित छः: कर्मोमें ही संलग्न रहते हैं

English

A king should not have intercourse with unknown women, eunuchs, unchaste women, others' wives or maidens.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणा मे स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

In families Rakshasa-like sinners are born through mixture of classes, deformed, limb-lacking, thick-tongued, senseless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहते हैं तो भी तुम्हारा मेरे शरीरके भीतर प्रवेश कैसे सम्भव हुआ?

English

These and others are born when the king is careless; therefore a king should act especially for the welfare of the people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाध्यापयन्त्यधीयन्ते यजन्ते याजयन्ति न

English

A great fault arises in a careless kshatriya; unrighteous things proceed, causing mixture of the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रिया मे स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Cold is found in the not cold, and no cold in the cold; drought and excessive rain and disease enter the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्रमत्ता: क्रियावन्त: सुव्रता: सत्यवादिन:

English

Stars stand ominous and other dreadful planets, and many portents destructive of kings are seen here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मम वैश्या: स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

A king who does not guard himself and does not guard his subjects has his subjects waste away, and he perishes after them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मम शूद्रा: स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Two take from one, and many from two; maidens are ruined; this they call the king's fault.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भीतर कैसे घुस आये?

English

The idea "this is mine" does not stay among men when the king abandons dharma and practises carelessness."