Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

थे। सब ओर शंखके समान सफेद नरमुण्डोंकी खोपड़ियाँ फैली हुई थीं

English

after full deliberation, and consultation with men capable of offering good advice. Our tasks fail or succeed through destiny. If exertion, however, be applied, sin would not touch the king. I shall recite to thee, O tiger among kings, the story of what happened to an ancient king of the name of Hayagriva, O son of Pandu,~the story, viz., of the heroic Hayagriva of unstained deeds, who after having slain a large number of his foes in battle, was himself defeated and slain while without a follower by his side. Having achieved all that should be done for keeping foes under check and adopted all those foremost of means by which men may be protected. Hayagriva acquired great fame from the battles he fought and is now enjoying great bliss in heaven. Mangled by robbers with weapons, boldly fighting with them, and casting off his life in battle, the high-souled Hayagriva, ever attentive to his (kingly) duties, achieved the object of his life and is now enjoying great bliss in heaven. The bow was his (sacrificial) stake and the bowstring was the cord for tying the victims. Shafts constituted the smaller ladle and the sword the large one, and blood was the clarified butter that he poured.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथमुत्सादितं क्षत्र॑ं कथं वृद्धिमुपागतम्

English

"Those who know dharma know that kingship is the supreme dharma, and I consider it a great burden; tell me of it, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुशिको नाम धर्मज्ञस्तस्य पुत्रो महीपते

English

Tell, grandsire, especially the duties of kings, for the duties of kings are the refuge of the whole living world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गाधि: सदार: सम्प्राप्त: सर्चीकस्याश्रमं प्रति

English

The triple aim is bound up here in the duties of kings, Kaurava, and the whole of the dharma of liberation is clearly contained here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वभाववाला पुत्र ही प्रदान कीजिये

English

As the reins of a horse and the goad of an elephant, so, lord of men, is dharma for the world, and so is control said to be.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वबाह्वस्वबलेनाजौ जित्वा परमधर्मवित्

English

If this dharma, served by royal sages, were bewildered here, the order of the world would not stand and everything would be thrown into confusion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जज्वाल तस्य बाणाग्राच्चित्रभानुर्दि धक्षया

English

As the rising sun destroys the darkness of the asuras, so the duties of kings, when considered, drive out an evil course.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और राष्ट्रोंको भस्म कर डालनेकी इच्छासे प्रज्वलित हो उठे

English

First, grandsire, tell the essence of the duties of kings, best of the Bharatas, for you are the best of the wise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ददाह कार्तवीर्यस्य शैलानथ वनस्पतीन्

English

You are the source and the supreme authority for all of us, scorcher of foes; Vasudeva regards you as supreme in wisdom."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपानभूमिं कालस्य तथा भुक्तोज्झितामिव

English

The car was the altar and the wrath he felt in battle was the fire, and the four foremost of steeds yoked unto his vehicle were the four Hotris. Having poured upon that sacrificial fire his foes as libations and then his own life-breaths at the completion of the sacrifice, that vigorous lion among kings, viz., Hayagriva, became freed from sin and is now sporting in the regions of the gods. Having protected his kingdom with policy and intelligence, the high-souled Hayagriva of resigned self and great strength of mind and accustomed to the performance of sacrifices filled all the worlds with his fame and is now sporting in the region of the gods. 1 Having obtained the merit dependent on the performance of sacrifices as also every kind of merit that is connected with human affairs, he wielded the rod of chastisement and ruled the Earth with vigour and without pride. For this the virtuous and high-souled Hayagriva is sporting in the region of the gods. 2 Possessed of learning, practising renunciation, actuated by faith, and full of gratitude, that king, having performed diverse acts, left this world of men and won the regions that are reserved for the intelligent and the wise and those that are of approved usages and behaviour and prepared to cast off their lives in battle. Having studied the Vedas well and the other scriptures also, having ruled his kingdom properly and caused all the four orders to adhere to their respective duties, the high-souled Hayagriva is sporting in joy the regions of the gods. Having won many battles and cherished his subjects, having drunk the Soma juice in sacrifices and gratified the foremost of Brahmanas with presents and judiciously wielded the rod of chastisement over those placed under his sway and at last cast off his life in battle, that king is living happily in heaven. His life was worthy of every praise. Learned and honest men applaud it, deserving as it is of every applause. Having won heaven and acquired the regions reserved for heroes, that high-souled monarch of virtuous deeds became crowned with success.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

पश्यन्तस्ते कुरुक्षेत्र ययुराशु महारथा:

English

Adadana is explained as a robber or one who forcibly takes other people's property. Some texts

हिन्दी अर्थ

युधिष्ठिराय प्रोवाच जामदग्न्यस्य विक्रमम्

English

"At the very beginning, best of the Kurus, a king should act duly toward gods and Brahmanas, wishing to please.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषु संतर्पयामास पितृत् क्षत्रियशोणितै:

English

Having honoured the deities and Brahmanas, delight of the Kurus, he becomes quit of his debt to dharma and is honoured by the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रसिद्ध हैं। इन्हींमें उन्होंने क्षत्रियोंके रक्तसे अपने पितरोंका तर्पण किया था

English

Always strive in effort, son, Yudhishthira; for without effort fate does not accomplish kings' aims.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इहेदानीं ततो राम: कर्मणो विरराम ह

English

Fate and effort are a pair held in common; but I consider human effort supreme, and fate is said to be determined.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पश्चात् अब उस कर्मसे विरत हो गये हैं”

English

When an undertaking fails, do not be distressed; discipline is attainable, dear one; this is the highest policy of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रामेणेति तथा55त्थ त्वमत्र मे संशयो महान्

English

For kings there is no cause of success but truth; a king devoted to truth rejoices both here and hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं भूय: समुत्पत्ति: क्षत्रस्यामितविक्रम

English

Even for sages, king, truth is the supreme wealth; and for a king there is no other cause of trust than truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर क्षत्रिय-जातिकी उत्पत्ति कैसे हुई?

English

A king who is virtuous, of good conduct, self-controlled, gentle, righteous, with senses subdued, far-sighted and of wide aims never falls from fortune.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बाद इस जातिकी वृद्धि कैसे हुई?

English

Resort to uprightness in all matters, delight of the Kurus, with repeated consideration of policy and with concealment by the triple learning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथाभूच्च मही कीर्णा क्षत्रियैर्वदतां वर

English

A gentle king is always despised by all; the world is troubled by a harsh one; therefore practise both.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समय उनकी लाशोंसे यह सारी पृथ्वी ढक गयी होगी

English

Brahmanas should always be exempt from punishment by you, best of givers; Brahmanas are the greatest being in the world, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रामेण यदुशार्दूल कुरुक्षेत्र महात्मना

English

Two verses sung by the great-souled Manu you should take to heart in your dharmas, O king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आगमो हि पर: कृष्ण त्वत्तो नो वासवानुज

English

From water came fire, from Brahmana the kshatriya, from stone iron; their pervading energy is quenched in their own wombs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथाभवत् क्षत्रियसंकुला मही

English

When iron strikes stone, fire enters water, and a kshatriya hates a Brahmana, the three sink.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि किस प्रकार यह सारी पृथ्वी क्षत्रियोंकी लाशोंसे ढक गयी थी

English

Knowing this, great king, those twice-born are to be honoured; the best of the twice-born, tranquil, bear earthly Brahma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रामोपाख्यानेष्टचत्वारिंशो5 ध्याय:

English

Thus, tiger among men, those who would destroy the order of the world are always to be restrained by force of arms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महर्षीणां कथयतां विक्रमं तस्य जन्म च

English

Two verses were sung long ago by the great sage Ushanas, dear one; hear them, wise king, with a single mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उद्भूता राजवंशेषु ये भूयो भारते हता:

English

A king, looking to dharma, should restrain by his own dharma even one who comes against him with weapon raised, though learned in the Vedanta, in battle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्र लभेयमजितं त्रिलोकेश्वरमित्युत

English

He who protects dharma when it is being destroyed is a knower of dharma; he is not a slayer of an embryo; anger meets anger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो, उत्तम तपस्या आरम्भ की

English

Thus, best of men, the twice-born are to be protected; for their offences one should dismiss them to the border of the land.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गाधिनामाभवत् पुत्र: कौशिक: पाकशासन:

English

Even if they are accused, lord of men, one should show them pity: for a slayer of a Brahmana, a defiler of a teacher's bed, a slayer of an embryo, and an enemy of the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तां गाधिर्भगुपुत्राय सर्चीकाय ददौ प्रभु:

English

Dismissal to the border of the land is prescribed for a Brahmana; there is never bodily harm for them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कन्याका विवाह भृगुपुत्र ऋचीकके साथ कर दिया

English

Let men be dear to you always, best of men; for there is no treasury greater for kings than the gathering of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्रार्थ भ्रपयामास चर गाधेस्तथैव च

English

Of the six forts, great king, which are decided by the scriptures, in all these they consider the human fort the hardest to cross.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपयोज्यश्नरुरयं त्वया मात्राप्ययं तव

English

Therefore the wise should always show kindness to the four classes; a righteous, truthful king pleases the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अजय्य: क्षत्रियैलेंके क्षत्रियर्षभसूदन:

English

You should not always be forbearing, best of men; a gentle king is unrighteous, like a forbearing elephant.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपोन्वितं द्विजश्रेष्ठ चरुरेष विधास्यति

English

Verses were laid down of old in the science of Brihaspati on this matter, great king; hear them as I tell them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपस्यभिरत: श्रीमाञ्जगामारण्यमेव हि

English

A low man scorns a ever-forbearing king, as an elephant-driver wishes to climb onto an elephant's head.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भर्तुर्वाक्यं तदाव्यग्रा मात्रे हृष्टा न्यवेदयत्

English

Therefore a king should be neither always gentle nor always harsh, like the sun in spring, glorious, neither cold nor hot.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बड़े हर्षक साथ पतिकी कही हुई बातको उससे निवेदित किया

English

By perception, inference and analogy and instruction, your own and others should always be tested, great king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्याक्षरुमथाज्ञानादात्मसंस्थं चकार ह

English

Give up all vices, giver of abundant fees; and not engage in them; avoid attachment.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसका चरु लेकर भोजनद्वारा अपनेमें स्थित कर लिया

English

A man of vice is ever despised in the world; a king who is excessively hateful troubles the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धारयामास दीप्तेन वपुषा घोरदर्शनम्

English

A king should always be like a pregnant woman who shares dharma; hear the reason why it is so said, great king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भविष्यति हि ते पुत्र: क्रूरकर्मात्यमर्षण:

English

As a pregnant woman, abandoning her own pleasure that follows her mind, bestows what is good for the embryo, so surely a king too.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्व हि ब्रह्म सुमहच्चरौ तव समाहितम्

English

Should act, best of the Kurus, ever following dharma, abandoning his own pleasure and doing whatever would be of benefit to the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सैवमुक्ता महाभागा भर्त्रां सत्यवती तदा

English

You must never give up your steadfastness, Pandava; the command of a steady one who wields the rod openly is not obstructed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणापसद ं पुत्र प्राप्स्यसीति हि मां प्रभो

English

You should not jest always with your servants, best of speakers, tiger among kings; hear the fault in that from me.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उग्रकर्मा समुत्पन्नश्नरुव्यत्यासहेतुना

English

Dependants, out of familiarity, scorn their master, they do not stay in their place and they transgress his command.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किमुताग्निं समाधाय मन्त्रवच्चरुसाधने

English

Sent on errands they hesitate and pry into secrets; they ask for what should not be asked and bring food not to be eaten.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मभूतं हि सकल॑ पितुस्तव कुलं भवेत्

English

They get angry and blaze up, and take a fearsome seat, and by bribes and deceits they hinder his affairs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शमात्मकमहं पुत्र॑ लभेयं जपतां वर

English

They make his realm decayed by imitations, they attach themselves to women with their eyes, and take equal dress.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा त्वयोक्तं वचनं तथा भद्रे भविष्यति

English

They pass wind and spit in his presence and, shameless, tiger among men, speak his words.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपस्यभिरतं शान्तं जमदग्निं यतव्रतम्

English

They mount a horse, elephant or chariot approved by the king without regard, when the king is gentle and merry.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोडपि पुत्र हुजनयज्जमदग्नि: सुदारुणम्

English

"This is hard for you, king; this is badly done by you," thus, calling themselves friends, they say in the assembly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राम॑ क्षत्रियहन्तारं प्रदीप्तमिव पावकम्

English

When he is angry they laugh, and when honoured they do not rejoice; they are ever quarrelsome with one another for some cause.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्त्राणि वरयामास परशुं चातितेजसम्

English

They reveal his counsel and expose his misdeed, and play at carrying out his command with contempt, enjoying ornaments, food, bathing and unguents.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुठारेणाप्रमेयेण लोकेष्वप्रतिमो5भवत्

English

Scorning him, tiger among men, they sit at ease and listen to him; they revile their own offices and give them up, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चक्रवर्ती महातेजा विप्राणामाश्चमेधिके

English

They are not content with their pay and take what is due to the king; they wish to play with him like a bird on a string; and they say in the world, "The king is to be led by us."

हिन्दी अर्थ

माँगी और अर्जुनने अग्निको वह भिक्षा दे दी

English

These and other faults arise, Yudhishthira, in a king who is gentle and merry."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ददाह पवनेनेद्धश्षित्रभानु: सहैहय:

English

read nareswarah. The sense should remain unaltered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तं॑ भ्रमन्तं ततो वत्सं जामदग्न्य: स्वमाश्रमम्

English

The revered Ushanas spoke a verse on this, lord of men; hear it from me as I recite it, with a single mind, O king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो ये क्षत्रिया राजन् शतशस्तेन वर्जिता:

English

The earth swallows these two, as a serpent lying in its hole: a king who does not resist and a Brahmana who does not travel.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रक्षणार्थ समुद्दिश्य ययाचे पृथिवी तदा

English

Take this to heart, tiger among men: make peace with those fit for peace, and oppose those to be opposed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन सबका पराक्रम देवराज इन्द्रके तुल्य है

English

Whoever acts contrarily in your realm of seven parts, whether teacher or friend, is to be struck down.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते क्षत्रियदायादास्तत्र तत्र परिश्रुता:

English

This ancient verse was sung by King Marutta, in the matter of kingship, long ago, approved by Brihaspati:

हिन्दी अर्थ

जातियोंके आश्रित होकर रहते हैं

English

Even a teacher who is proud, ignorant of what should and should not be done, and gone on a wrong path is to be abandoned.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि मामभिरक्षन्ति तत: स्थास्यामि निश्चला

English

The wise King Sagara, son of Bahu, abandoned his eldest son Asamanja, wishing the welfare of the city people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मदर्थ निहता युद्धे रामेणाक्लिष्टकर्मणा

English

Asamanja once drowned children of the city in the Sarayu, O king, and was therefore scolded by his father and banished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महात्मा आपवके सूने एवं सुरम्य आश्रमको जलाकर भस्म कर दिया

English

The sage Uddalaka too abandoned his dear son, the great ascetic Shvetaketu, who served Brahmanas falsely.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दग्धे55श्रमे महाबाहो कार्तवीर्येण वीर्यवान्

English

Pleasing the people is the eternal dharma of kings here, with protection of truth and uprightness in dealings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दग्ध॑ तस्माद् रणे रामो बाहूंस्ते छेत्स्यतेडर्जुन

English

He should not harm others' property and should have what is due given in time; a king valiant, truthful and forbearing does not leave the path.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम्हारी इन भुजाओंको परशुरामजी काट डालेंगे”

English

Keeping counsel secret, having conquered anger, firm in the meaning of the scriptures, ever devoted to dharma, wealth, desire and liberation,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बहाण्यश्व शरण्यश्व दाता शूरश्च भारत

English

a king deserves to be one whose weak points are covered by the triple learning; there is nothing greater for kings than concealment of fault.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शरण देनेवाला, दानी और शूरवीर था

English

The dharmas of the four classes must be protected by the king, for the protection against mixture of dharmas is the eternal dharma of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसके बलवान पुत्र ही पिताके वधमें कारण बन गये

English

A king should neither trust nor distrust too much, and should always consider with his intellect the merits and faults of the six measures of policy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जमदग्निधेन्वास्ते वत्समानिन्युर्भरतर्षभ

English

A king who looks for the weak points of his enemy is always praised, as is one who knows the aims of the triple aim and has appropriate spies and devices."

हिन्दी अर्थ

जमदग्नि मुनिकी होमधेनुके बछड़ेको चुरा ले आये

English

Delighting in the acquisition of treasure, like Vaishravana (Kubera), knowing the ten classes, one whose nature is to attend to rise and decline of stations;

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्निमित्तमभूद् युद्ध जामदग्नेर्महात्मन:

English

a king should be the supporter of the unsupported and the overseer of the supported, of pleasant face and speaking first with a smile.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्जुनस्य सुतास्ते तु सम्भूयाबुद्धयस्तदा

English

Attending the elders, having conquered sloth, free of greed, with his mind set on the conduct of the good, for the good see conduct.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः पितृवधामर्षादू राम: परममन्युमान्

English

He should never take wealth from the hands of the good, but take it from the wicked and give it to the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः स भुगुशार्दूल: कार्तवीर्यस्य वीर्यवान्

English

Himself a striker and a giver, with self subdued and means subdued, giving and enjoying at the proper time, and of pure conduct.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पौत्रोंका शीघ्र ही संहार कर डाला

English

He should make helpers of the brave, devoted, those who cannot be seduced, those born in good families, the healthy, the well-behaved and those connected with the well-behaved, the self-respecting who do not slight others,

हिन्दी अर्थ

स तथा55शु महातेजा: कृत्वा निःक्षत्रियां महीम्

English

those versed in learning, knowers of the world, those who look to the next world, devoted to dharma, the good, unshaken as mountains.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्रवित हो वनमें ही चले गये

English

A king honouring prosperity should always make such his helpers, and be equal to them in enjoyments, differing only by the umbrella and greater knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वामित्रस्य पौत्रस्तु रैभ्यपुत्रो महातपा:

English

His conduct should always be visible and invisible; so doing, a king here finds no distress.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये ते ययातिपतने यज्ञे सन्‍त: समागता:

English

A king who suspects everyone and who takes everything is soon crooked and greedy, and is overthrown by his own people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मिथ्याप्रतिज्ञो राम त्वं कत्थसे जनसंसदि

English

A pure king devoted to winning the mind of the world is not overthrown by enemies, and even fallen, stands.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सा पुन: क्षत्रियशतैः पृथिवी सर्वतः स्तृता

English

Free of anger, without vices, mild in punishment, with senses subdued, a king becomes trustworthy to beings like the Himalaya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जात॑ जात॑ स गर्भ तु पुनरेव जघान ह

English

Wise, endowed with the qualities of justice, intent on others' weak points, of good sight, knowing the policy and impolicy of all classes,

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्रि:सप्तकृत्व: पृथिवीं कृत्वा नि:क्षत्रियां प्रभु:

English

quick in action, anger conquered, graciously disposed, great-minded, healthy by nature, active, not boastful—

हिन्दी अर्थ

स क्षत्रियाणां शेषार्थ करेणोद्दिश्य कश्यप:

English

the king in whose realm undertakings are seen begun but not left unfinished is the best of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कश्यपस्तां महाराज प्रतिगृह्य वसुन्धराम्

English

The king in whose domain people go about fearless as sons in their father's house is the best of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विशाल वनके भीतर चले गये

English

The king whose townsfolk and country folk have unconcealed wealth and know policy and impolicy is the best of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः शृद्राश्व वैश्याश्व यथा स्वैरप्रचारिण:

English

The king whose people living in the realm are intent on their own work, not fond of combination, self-controlled, protected duly,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अराजके जीवलोके दुर्बला बलवत्तरै:

English

obedient, guidable, trained, not quarrelsome, and in whose domain men delight in giving—he is a true king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अरक्ष्यमाणा विधिवत क्षत्रियैर्धर्मरक्षिभि:

English

In whose domain there is no deceit, fraud, illusion or envy, for that lord of the earth dharma is eternal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊरुणा धारयामास कश्यप: पृथिवीं ततः

English

He who honours the learned, who is guidable, devoted to the welfare of the townspeople, follows the dharma of the good and is a giver, is fit for kingship.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊरुओंका सहारा देकर उसे रोक दिया

English

He whose spy and counsel and what is done and undone are never known to enemies is fit for kingship.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सन्ति ब्रह्मन् मया गुप्ता: स्रीषु क्षत्रियपुड़वा

English

And this verse was sung of old by the great-souled Bhargava (Ushanas) in recounting Rama's story to a king, Bharata:

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्ति पौरवदायादो विदूरथसुत: प्रभो

English

One should find a king first, then a wife, then wealth; if there is no king in the world, whence wife, whence wealth?

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथानुकम्पमानेन यज्वनाथामितौजसा

English

Therefore, king, for lions among kings there is no other eternal dharma than clear protection; protection upholds the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वकर्माणि कुरुते शूद्रवत् तस्य स द्विज:

English

Two verses were recited by Manu son of Prachetas on the duties of kings, king of kings; hear them with a single mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिबिपुत्रो महातेजा गोपतिर्नाम नामतः:

English

A man should abandon these six, like a broken boat on the sea: a teacher who does not teach, a priest who has not studied,

हिन्दी अर्थ

दथधिवाहनपौत्रस्तु पुत्रो दिविरथस्य च

English

a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who longs for a village, and a barber who longs for a forest.