Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

तृष्णाक्षयसुखस्यैते नाहत: षोडशीं कलाम् तथैव तृष्णा वित्तेन वर्धमानेन वर्धते

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'Tell me, O grandsire, if gifts, sacrifices, penances, and dutiful services returned to preceptors, are productive of wisdom and high felicity.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्र मोक्षधर्मके ज्ञानमें कुशल था; अत: उसने अपने पितासे पूछा

English

[Janaka said:] "The scripture says, 'what is born as offspring is the same one'; how then, born of a brahmana, is a distinction taken up?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

मोहेन हि समाविष्ट: पुत्रदारार्थमुद्यतः त॑ पुत्रपशुसम्पन्नं व्यासक्तमनसं नरम्

English

[Parashara said:] "So it is, great king; who begets is that very one; but by the lowering of austerity he is counted by birth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पशुयज्ञै: कथं हिंस्नैमादृशो यछ्टमहति

English

From good field and good seed the origin is holy; from deficiency in either, a lower one is born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मन्येवात्मना जात आत्मनिष्ठो5प्रज: पित: यस्य वाड्मनसी स्यातां सम्यक् प्रणिहिते सदा

English

From the mouth, the arms, the thighs and the feet they were born, as Prajapati created the worlds: so the knowers of dharma know.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तीनोंका समावेश है, वह उनके द्वारा सब कुछ पा लेता है

English

From the mouth, dear, the brahmanas; from the arms the kshatriyas; from the thighs the rich, king; from the feet the servants.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नास्ति रागसमं दुःखं नास्ति त्यागसमं सुखम् तथा त्वमपि वर्तस्व सत्यधर्मपरायण:

English

The origin is of four classes only, bull among men; others, beyond these, are remembered as born of mixture.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सप्तसप्तत्यधिकद्विशततमोध्याय:

English

The kshatriya births, Ambashthas, Ugras and Vaidehakas, Shvapakas, Pulkasas, Stenas, Nishadas, Sutas and Magadhas,

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्त कर सकता है? समुपोढेषु कामेषु निरपेक्ष: परिव्रजेत्

English

Ayogas, Karanas, Vratyas and Chandalas, lord of men: these are born from the four classes among each other."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्पार्थमुपयुज्जीत धर्म कामान् विसर्जयेत्

English

'Bhishma said, 'If the mind becomes affected by desire, wrath and other evil passions, it then runs towards sin. If one's acts are stained by sin, one is obliged to dwell in painful regions. Sinful men take birth in indigent circumstances and repeatedly suffer the pangs of famine, woe, fear, and death. Those that are virtuous in their acts, and possessed of faith, and that have

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतकृत्यो विशुद्धात्मा सर्व त्यजति चैव ह भयाभयं च संत्यज्य स प्रशान्तो निरामय:

English

their senses under control, become born as affluent men and repeatedly sport in festivities and heaven and happiness. Unbelievers, with their arms manacled, are sent to regions rendered inaccessible by carnivorous beasts and elephants and full of terrors in consequence of snakes and robbers. What more need be said of them? They, on the other hand, who have reverence for gods and guests, who are liberal, who are fond of good and honest men, go, in consequence of their acts of charity, along that happy way which belongs to persons of cleansed souls. They that have no reverence for virtue are as vile among men as seedless grains among corn or the gnat among birds. That which is ordained in consequence of the acts of a past life pursues the actor even if the latter strives his best for leaving it behind, i It sleeps when he sleeps and does whatever else he does. 2 Like his shadow it rests when he rests, proceeds when he proceeds, and acts when he acts. Whatever acts a man does he has certainly to obtain the fruits thereof. Death is dragging all creatures who are surely destined to fall (into orders of existence they deserve) and who are surely liable to enjoy or suffer that which has been ordained as the consequence of their acts. The acts of a past life develop their consequences in their own proper time even as flowers and fruits, without extraneous efforts of any kind, never fail to appear when their proper time comes. After the consequences, as ordained, of the acts of a past life, have been exhausted (by enjoyment or sufferings), honour and disgrace, gain and loss, decay and growth, no longer flow or appear in respect of any one. This happens repeatedly. 3 A creature while still in the mother's womb enjoys or suffers the happiness or the misery that has been ordained for him in consequence of his own acts. In childhood or youth or old age, at whatever period of life one does an act good or bad, the consequences thereof are sure to visit him in his next life at precisely the same period. As a calf recognises and approaches its parent in the midst of even a thousand kine, even so the acts of a past life recognise and visit the doer in his new life. Washed in water a (dirty) piece of cloth becomes clean. Similarly, men burning in repentance obtain endless happiness by proper penances. 4 Those that can take up their residence in the woods and by performing austerities for a long period can wash themselves of their sins, succeed in obtaining the objects on which they set their hearts. As no one can mark the track of birds in the sky or of fishes in the water, similarly, the track of persons whose souls have been cleansed by knowledge

हिन्दी अर्थ

योडसौ प्राणान्तिको रोगस्तां तृष्णां त्यजत: सुखम्

English

[Parashara said:] "King, this is to be accepted: from a lowly birth there arises a great-souled one among those whose selves are formed by austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मात्मा लभते कीर्ति प्रेत्य चेह यथासुखम् धर्मात्मा पुरुष इहलोक और परलोकमें कीर्ति एवं उत्तम सुख पाता है

English

The sages, having begotten sons here and there on women of kings, made them sages again by their own austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजयित्वा च तद् वाक्यं माण्डव्यो मोक्षमाश्रित:

English

My grandfather before, and Rishyashringa, Kashyapa, Vatsa, Tandya, Kripa, Kakshivan, Kamatha and others,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुनिने मोक्षमार्गका आश्रय लिया षट्सप्तत्यधिकद्विशततमोध्याय:

English

Yavakrita, king, and Drona, best of speakers, Ayu, Matanga, Datta, Drupada and Matsya:

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि श्रेय: प्रतिपद्येत तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

these, Vaideha, reached their nature by relying on austerity; they are the Vedic scholars established in self-control and austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनुष्य किस कार्यको अपने लिये कल्याणकारी समझे, यह मुझे बताइये? पितुः पुत्रेण संवाद त॑ं निबोध युधिछ्िर

English

Four root gotras arose, lord of the earth: Angiras, Kashyapa, Vasishtha and Bhrigu.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्रो बभूव मेधावी मेधावी नाम नामतः

English

Other gotras arose from action, lord of the earth; and the names by austerity too are the acceptance of the good."

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्पन्न हुआ, जिसका नाम “मेधावी” ही था मोक्षधर्मेष्वकुशलं मोक्षधर्मविचक्षण:

English

[Janaka said:] "Tell me, blessed one, the special dharmas of the classes and the common dharmas also; for you are skilled in all."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ममानुपूर्व्या येन धर्म चरेयम् यथार्थरूपसे आप मुझे बताइये, जिससे मैं भी उस धर्मका आचरण कर सकूँ

English

[Parashara said:] "Receiving, officiating and teaching are the special dharma of brahmanas, king; protection is the fair one for the kshatriya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वन॑ प्रविश्याथ मुनिर्बुभूषेत्

English

Farming, herding and trade for vaishyas; service of the twice-born is the shudra's work, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुनिवृत्तिसे रहनेकी इच्छा करे अमोघा: का: पतन्तीह कि नु भीषयसीव माम्

English

The special dharmas of the classes have been told; hear now in detail, dear, the common dharmas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहोरात्रा: पतन्तीमे तच्च कस्मान्न बुद्धासे

English

Non-cruelty, non-violence, heedfulness, sharing, shraddha rites, hospitality, truth and freedom from anger,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोहं कथं प्रतीक्षिष्ये ज्ञानेनापिहितश्षरन् अपने कल्याणसाधनमें एक क्षणकी भी प्रतीक्षा कैसे करूँगा?

English

contentment with one's own wives, purity, constant freedom from envy, knowledge of the self and endurance are the common dharmas, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है, तब छिछले पानीमें रहनेवाली मछलीके समान कौन सुख पा सकता है?

English

Brahmanas, kshatriyas and vaishyas are the three twice-born classes; they have authority in the dharmas here, best of two-footed beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनवाप्तेषु कामेषु मृत्युरभ्येति मानवम् उसकी इच्छा पूर्ण होनेके पहले ही सहसा मौत आकर उसे दबोच लेती है

English

The three classes, king, fall when standing in wrong action; they rise by resorting to the good in their own duties here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हि प्रतीक्षते मृत्यु: कृतं वास्य न वा कृतम्

English

It is not settled that a shudra falls, nor that he is not fit for the rites; he does not gain a dharma prompted by scripture, but no prohibition has been made for his dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

काम पूरा हो गया या नहीं को हि जानाति कस्याद्य मृत्युकालो भविष्यति

English

The twice-born, learned in scripture, cite the Vaideha as a shudra, great king; I see the god Vishnu, lord of the universe, the chief of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

युवैव धर्मशील: स्यादनिमित्तं हि जीवितम्

English

Having followed the conduct of the good, the lowly who wish to rise up are not harmed, doing nourishing rites without mantra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संचिन्वानकमेवैनं कामानामवितृप्तकम्

English

As other people take up good conduct, so they find happiness and rest here and hereafter."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इदं कृतमिदं कार्यमिदमन्यत् कृताकृतम् हुए उस मनुष्यको मौत लेकर चल देती है

English

[Janaka said:] "Great sage, what stains him, action or birth? Doubt has arisen in me; you should explain it."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतानां फलमप्राप्तं कार्याणां कर्मसज्ञिनाम्

English

[Parashara said:] "Without doubt, great king, both cause fault, action and birth; but learn the difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्बलं बलवन्तं च प्राज्ञ शूरं जडं कविम् उसकी समस्त कामनाओं के पूर्ण होनेसे पहले ही उसे उठा ले जाती है

English

One who by birth and by action practises bad action; and one who is bad by birth but does not commit sin is a man.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृत्युर्जरा च व्याधिश्व दुःखं चानेककारणम्

English

A man chief by birth who does a blamed action: that action stains him; therefore action is not good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जातमेवान्तकोन्ताय जरा चाभ्येति देहिनम् निबन्धनी रज्जुरेषा या ग्रामे वसतो रति:

English

[Janaka said:] "What actions are righteous in this world, best of the twice-born, which do not harm beings even when always done?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् सत्यव्रताचार: सत्यव्रतपरायण:

English

[Parashara said:] "Hear from me, great king, what you ask me: the actions that are non-violent which always save a man.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमृतं चैव मृत्युश्च द्वयं देहे प्रतेष्ठितम् सत्यसे अमृतपदकी उपलब्धि होती है

English

Those who have renounced the fires, sitting, seeing, free of fever, having climbed the path of dharma leading to the highest good in due order,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोहं सत्यमहिसार्थी कामक्रोधबहिष्कृत:

English

humble, disciplined, ever self-controlled and of strict vow, go to the ageless state, free of all action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शान्तियज्ञरतो दान्तो ब्रद्मयज्ञे स्थितो मुनि: कर्मोंका निष्कामभावसे आचरणरूप कर्मयज्ञका अनुष्ठान करूँगा

English

All classes, having rightly done acts of dharma, king, and spoken true words, having given up dreadful adharma in the world of the living, go to heaven; there is no doubt in this."

हिन्दी अर्थ

न प्रत्यक्ष परोक्षं वा दूषणं व्याहरेत् क्वचित्

English

cannot be marked by any. l There is no need of any more eloquence or any more reference to sinful acts. Suffice it to say that one should, with proper judgment and as befits one best, do what is for one's good. This is the means by which wisdom and high felicity may be achieved.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतत् पवित्र परमं परिव्राजक आश्रमे संन्यासाश्रममें इस प्रकारका आचरण परम पवित्र माना गया है

English

[Parashara said:] "The father is the supreme deity of men; they say the father is better than the mother; they call gain of knowledge supreme; those whose senses are conquered obtain the highest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यपोहति तदा ब्रह्म प्रकाशति सनातनम्

English

In the field of battle, on a bed of arrows and fire, a king's son who meets death is burnt and goes to worlds hard for the immortals to reach, and enjoys heaven's fruit at will.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आकाशमें निर्भय विचरता हुआ समस्त प्राणियोंके लिये अजेय हो गया था धृतिमास्थाय भगवन् न शोचामि ततस्त्वहम्

English

A king should not kill one who is weary, afraid, with weapon dropped, weeping, facing away, without retinue, undaunted, sick or begging, nor children and the aged.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवर्तते चापि पुन: कथमैश्चर्यमुत्तमम्

English

A king in battle may overcome a kshatriya's son who is well supplied with retinue, ready and equal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कैसे नष्ट हो जाता है? किं वा फल परं प्राप्प जीवस्तिष्ठति शाश्वत:

English

Here killing an equal or a superior is better, so it is settled; the killing of one lowly or timid is blamed for kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदवाप्तुं फलं विप्र तन्मे व्याख्यातुमहसि

English

The killing of the sinful, of sinful conduct, and the lowly, lord of men, is called sin leading to hell: so it is settled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बतानेकी कृपा करें यस्य पृथ्वीतलं तात साकाशं बाहुगोचर:

English

No one saves, king, one who has come under the power of fate; and someone may be drawn away even when a remainder of life is left.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्याहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि विष्णोमहित्म्यमुत्तमम्

English

One should turn back from the actions done here by those with affection; one should not wish life from violent actions with long life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नेदं जीवितमासाद्य वैरं कुर्वीत केनचित् क्रोध्यमान: प्रियं ब्रूयादाक्रुष्ट: कुशलं वदेत्

English

Magha, etc; yajnaprasava may also mean the fruits of sacrifices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भैक्षचर्यामनापन्नो न गच्छेत् पूर्वकेतित:

English

abstention from injury as regards all creatures, and actual gifts made outside the sacrificial altar. Similarly, the maintenance of the sacred fire, penances, purity of conduct, the study of the Vedas, hospitality to guests, and offer of food to the Viswedevas, are all included in the word Ishta which is ordinarily rendered 'sacrifice.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृदुः स्यादप्रतिक्रूरो विस्रब्ध: स्यादकत्थन: अतीतपात्रसंचारे भिक्षां लिप्सेत वै मुनि:

English

(with respect to whom such exhaustion takes place), is freed from all vicissitudes of life. Lest, however, such creatures become emancipated, the orthodox view is that a balance is always left of both merit and demerit, so that a new birth must take place and the consequences of what is thus left as a balance must begin to be enjoyed or suffered. This is not referred to here, but this is the view of all orthodox Hindus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाय, उस समय संन्यासी मुनिको भिक्षा प्राप्त करनेकी चेष्टा करनी चाहिए

English

in water. If it be samjuktam it would mean united, with filth, of course. Another reading is samswinnam, meaning 'drenched with sweat.' Nilakantha explains upavasah here as equivalent to the renunciation of all earthly possessions. Ordinarily it means 'fasts.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

अलाभे न विहन्येत लाभश्नैनं न हर्षयेत् अनुभव न करे और मिल जाय तो उसके कारण वह हर्षित न हो

English

The body is an aggregate of veins, sinew and bone, repulsive and crowded with impure things, a meeting of the elements, senses and qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिपूजितलाभ हि जुगुप्सेतेव तादूश:

English

The learned thinkers on the self call the body ending in skin; again wasted, it comes to mortality.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शय्यासने विविक्ते च नित्यमेवाभिपूजयेत् अज्ञातचर्या गत्वान्यां ततोन्यत्रैव संविशेत्

English

Abandoned by the embodied one, motionless and without consciousness, it reaches the elements and sinks into the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुकृतं दुष्कृतं चोभे नानुरुध्येत कर्मणा

English

Joined with action by yoga, he is born here and there; this body, Vaideha, dies here and there; another nature is seen, and likewise the release of action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रणव आदिका जप करता रहे तथा वैराग्यका आश्रय ले मौन रहे आत्मना य: प्रशान्तात्मा लघ्वाहारो जितेन्द्रिय:

English

The embodied one is never born of time alone, king; he turns about, as a great cloud in the sky.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निन्दा चास्य हृदयं नोपहन्यात्

English

He is born again, king, reaching a dwelling here; the self is beyond the mind, and the mind beyond the senses.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपूर्वचारक: सौम्यो अनिकेत: समाहित:

English

Among beings of two kinds, king, the moving are supreme; among the moving, the two-footed are held supreme; and among two-footed, the twice-born are remembered as supreme.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अज्ञातलिप्सं लिप्सेत न चैनं हर्ष आविशेत् मोक्षयानमिदं कृत्स्नं विदुषां हारितो5ब्रवीत्

English

Among the twice-born, king of kings, those with wisdom are supreme; among the wise, those awake to the self; among the awakened, those without pride.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है। हारीत मुनिने विद्वानोंके लिये इस सम्पूर्ण धर्मको मोक्षका विमान बताया है

English

Death follows what is born: so it is settled for men; actions have an end, and beings follow the qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अष्टसप्तत्यधिकद्धिशततमो5ध्याय: न दुःखिततर: ककश्ित् पुमानस्माभिरस्ति ह

English

When the sun has reached its highest point, he who meets death, in a star and at a moment that is holy, king, is a doer of merit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्प जाति मनुष्येषु देवेरपि पितामह

English

Without engaging people in affliction, having crossed his bad deeds, having done his work by his own power, death here by an uncommon death...

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःखमेतच्छरीराणां धारणं कुरुसत्तम करेंगे? हमें तो इन शरीरोंका धारण करना ही दुःख जान पड़ता है

English

Poison, hanging, burning, and slaying at the hands of robbers, by fanged beasts and animals, are called a common death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्रियार्थर्गुणैश्वैव अष्टाभिश्व पितामह

English

Those of holy deeds are not joined with these, nor with those born of intention, nor with many such other common ones.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कदा वयं गमिष्यामो राज्यं हित्वा परंतप पुनर्भावोडपि विख्यातो नास्ति किंचिदिहाचलम्

English

The breaths of those who do holy deeds leave upward, king; of those of middle merit through the middle; of those of bad deeds, below.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मोक्ष प्राप्त कर सकते हो

English

There is one enemy, no second enemy, for a man, king: ignorance; covered by it, joined, he does dreadful and very cruel deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन पुण्य और पापोंसे उत्पन्न संस्काररूप अन्धकारसे यह आच्छन्न हो जाता है अनुप्रविश्य तद्वर्णो दृश्यते रज्जयन् दिश:

English

For awakening, what is joined with scripture and dharma and should be served by the aged, he is accomplished by effort, a king's son; churned by the arrow of wisdom, he goes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सनातन ब्रह्म प्रकाशित हो जाता है तस्मान्नमस्यामि महर्षिसड्घान्

English

Having studied the Vedas with austerity as a celibate, having performed the five sacrifices as able, a man who desires dharma should go to the forest, having gathered the good and established his lineage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो जीवन्मुक्त हैं; अतएव मैं महर्षियोंके समुदायको नमस्कार करता हूँ

English

Even abandoned by enjoyments, one should not dishearten oneself; human birth, even among the Chandalas, is in every way hard to get, dear.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा हैत्येन वृत्रेण भ्रष्टैश्न्॒येण चेष्टितम् अशोचता शत्रुमध्ये बुद्धिमास्थाय केवलाम्

English

This is the first womb, having attained which, lord of the earth, the self can be saved by deeds of auspicious marks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न शोचामि न हृष्यामि भूतानामागतिं गतिम्

English

"How shall we not be lost from this womb?" so men practise dharma, seeing the authority of scripture.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परितुष्टानि सर्वाणि दिव्यान्याहुर्मनीषिण: सावशेषेण कालेन सम्भवन्ति पुन: पुन:

English

The man who, having obtained the hardest-to-obtain human birth here, scorns dharma and is desire-natured is surely cheated.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निर्गच्छन्त्यवशा जीवा: कामबन्धनबन्धना:

English

He who sees with an eye led by affection, dear, beings like lamps, as long as the flame does not die,

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा कर्म तथा लाभ इति शास्त्रनिदर्शनम् सुखदु:खे प्रिये द्वेष्ये चरित्वा पूर्वमेव ह

English

by conciliation, giving and pleasant speech, equal in pleasure and pain, is honoured hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मया यज्जयलुब्धेन पुरा तप्तं महत् तप:

English

Giving, renunciation, a beautiful form, again the body bathed in the waters by austerity, Sarasvati, Naimisha and Pushkara and the other holy regions on earth:

हिन्दी अर्थ

है कि मैंने पहले विजयके लोभसे बड़ी भारी तपस्या की थी अवर्ध त्रीन् समाक्रम्य लोकान् वै स्वेन तेजसा

English

for those whose breath falls in their houses, the carrying out is praised, the conveying to the cremation ground, and the burning by rule with purity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अजेय: सर्वभूतानामासं नित्यमपेतभी:

English

Sacrifice, nourishing, worship, officiating, giving, the performance of meritorious acts, and whatever is praised as an ancestral rite, all he does for the self's sake as a man.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्मोसे नष्ट हो गया। तथापि मैं धैर्य धारण करके उसके लिये शोक नहीं करता हूँ

English

The dharmashastras, the Vedas and the six limbs are ordained for the good of the man of unwearied action, lord of men."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो मे भगवान् दृष्टो हरिनारायण: प्रभु: मुञज्जकेशो हरिश्मश्रु: सर्वभूतपितामह:

English

[Bhishma said:] "All this was told by the great-souled sage to the king of Videha long ago for his good, lord of men."